Roaring 20's

postwar economy

the cost of living doubled
returning soldiers faced unemployment or took jobs from minorities
farmers and factories suffered as wartime demands decreased

Red Scare

Panic in the US began after Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks established a communist state in Russia
- 70,000 radicals formed a Communist Party in the US
- Nativism and isolation increased
- Ex: Palmer Raids and Trail of Sacco and Vanzetti

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

set limits on the number of people from each foreign country

1919-1921 (immigrants)

The number of immigrants increased 600% (141,000-805,000)

immigration after the war

The need for unskilled labor decreased
Limit immigration to 2% of the number living in the US in 1890

What race was prohibited from immigrating after war?

Japanese

KKK (nativism)

used the red scare and nativism to target specific groups

1924 KKK

had 4.5 million members

KKK beliefs

100% Americanism, white males, native born, mostly protestants

KKK

detroyed saloons, opposed unions, harassed African Americans, and drove Roman Cahtolic, Jewish, and foreign-born people out of the country

Labor Unions after War

Conflict between employers and workers over wages and unions increased post WWI
Ex: boston police strike steel mill strike, coal miner strike

Unions in the 20s (genrally)

Overall union suffered during the 20s
- excluded African Americans
- Difficult to organize non-English speaking immigrants
-Farmers relied on themselves

The Automobile

Henry Ford, assembly line, model T
Growth in ownership during the 20s (8 million to 23 million)
Led to paved roads, changes in houses, new businesses, and less reliance on the railroad
Isolated people could now travel to cities
Became a status symbol for Americans

Status symbol for Americans

Cars

Prohibition

Banishment of alcohol in America
Lasts a little over a decade
Repealed with the 21st amendment

People with Prohibition believed alcohol caused

corruption
crime
Domestic abuse
Workplace accidents
Social problems

Against prohibition

American were tired of making sacrifice post WWI
Immigrants did not consider drinking it a sin, part of socializing

Speakeasies

Places where alcohol was sold in secret
More speakeasies than bars before prohibition
Prohibition didn't work

Fundamentalism

the protestant movement grounded in a literal interpretation of the bible

Fundamentalism concluded of

Skeptical of scientific discoveries
Argued all important knowledge could be found in the bible

Scopes Trial

Taught darwin's theory of evolution
Was arrested for spreading evolution

The Flapper

Emancipated young women who rejected the 19th century values and embraced new fashion and urban attitudes
Considered scandalous to traditionalists

Family Life

Most women returned to “women's professions” after soldiers returned
Birth rate continued to decline (birth control)
Simplified housework (sliced bread, canned goods, ready made clothes)
Emergence of a teenager

NAACP

WEB Du Bois led a parade of 10,000 men in NY to protest violence
James Weldon Johnson led the fight for legislation protecting African American rights
- Made anti-lynching a main priority

Marcus Garvey

founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (1914)

UNIA

- Opposed the NAACP believing it encouraged assimilation
- Encouraged followers to return to Africa, help overthrow colonial oppressors and rebuild
Left an important legacy of black pride, economic independence, and reverence for Africa

slogan used to explain credit

buy now pay later

laissez faire

Economic philosophy followed by Harding and Coolidge, hands off approach

teapot dome scandal

Scandal exposing the Secretary of the Interior leasing public lands and accepting bribes

name give to the most popular writes of the 1920s

radio

most powerful form of communication, created a shared national experience

21st amendment

repealed prohibition

Harlem

capital of black america

al capone

Crime boss in Chicago with a bootlegging empire

red scare

Anti-Bolshevic hysteria in the United States

quota act

Immigration reform passed in 1921 limiting the number of immigrants from each country

prohibition

eight teenth amenndment

ohio gang

hardings corrupt friends in his presidency/ cabinet

Italian Immigrants who were executed and charged with murder although never proven

Sacco and Vanzetti were charged with committing robbery and murder at the Slater and Morrill shoe factory in South Braintree. On the afternoon of April 15, 1920, payroll clerk Frederick Parmenter and security guard Alessandro Berardelli were shot to death and robbed of over $15,000 in cash.

Protestant movement that Rejected the theory of evolution, pointed to the Bible’s account of creation

fundamentalism

Harlem Renaissance

The literary and artistic movement celebrating black culture

Scopes Trial

Fight over evolution and the role of science and religion in public schools

Robert LaFolette

Ran against Coolidge for the Progressive Party

Intended to enforce Prohibition, was underfunded

Volstead Act

"return to normalcy"

hardings campaign slogan

Popular comedian of 1920s

charlie chaplin

Hunt led by the US Attorney General targeting communists, socialists, and anarchists

Palmer Raids

Name given to the most talented writers of the 20s

lost generation

Economic and political system in Russia based on a single-party government ruled by dictatorship

Communism

first to perform a transatlantic flight

charles lindbergh May 21, 1927

created a new dimension to the venture in 1926. By licensing telephone lines, RCA created America's first radio network and called it the NATIONAL BROADCASTING COMPANY. For the first time, citizens of California and New York could listen to the same programming simultaneously.

radio corporation of America

Opened up generous LINES OF CREDIT for those who could not pay upfront but could demonstrate the ability to pay in the future. Offered INSTALLMENT PLANS and allowed goods to be purchased with CREDIT

department stores

pastimes

flag pole sitting crossword sports

baseball

Ty Cobb and Babe Ruth

football

Red Grange

Boxer

Jack Dempsey

changing families

development of cleaning and sewing supplies to make chores easier, stay at home mothers had more leisure time

Changing Culture

sports, the radio, the car, stop motion, and other forms of entertainment were established to provide fun after war

wrote "strange fruit" a protest song

billie holiday

mother of blues singer

Ma rainey

Tusla riots were

greenwood tulsa

book written about the 1920s

great gatsby

empress of blues

bessie smith

hardings plan to return to normalcy

the american plan

common nyc nightclub

cotton club

race riots and white supremicits terrorism 1919, palmer raids and venzetti and sacco

red summer

revolutionary russian poltician

vladamir lennon

scultpor portraying beauty of black body

richmond barthe

photographer who wrote about middle class lift

james van der zee

depecited segregation and race

aaron douglas

sculpted the "soul rather than the figure"

meta vaux warrick fuller

poet who wrote about the authentic black experience

langston hughes

poet who cowrote "lift every voice and sing"

James Weldon Johnson

wrote about the black experience in the world

arthur schomburg

lynching investiagor and trying to prove lynching is illegal

walter white

wrote "a new negro"

Alain locke

popularized jazz and played in an ensemble

duke ellington

first black american to compose a boradway musical

eubie blake