States of Matter and Chemical Concepts

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key vocabulary related to states of matter, atomic structure, stoichiometry, electrochemistry, and chemical energetics.

States of Matter

Different physical forms of substances, including solid, liquid, and gas.

Solid

A state of matter that has a fixed shape and volume.

Liquid

A state of matter with a fixed volume but changes shape to fit its container.

Gas

A state of matter with no fixed shape or volume, spreading to fill the available space.

Diffusion

The movement of particles from a high concentration area to a low concentration area.

Atom

The smallest unit of an element.

Element

A substance composed of one type of atom.

Compound

A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.

Mixture

A combination of substances that are not chemically bonded.

Atomic structure

The parts and arrangement of an atom.

Periodic Table

A tabular arrangement of all known chemical elements.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element with different masses.

Chemical bonding

The force that holds atoms together in compounds.

Ion

An atom that has a positive or negative charge.

Ionic bond

The electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged ions together.

Simple molecule

A small group of bonded atoms.

Covalent bond

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons.

Giant covalent structure

A large network of atoms connected by covalent bonds.

Metallic bonding

The type of bond found in metals allowing for electrical conductivity.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

Chemical formula

A representation of a compound using element symbols.

Chemical equation

A written representation showing the reactants and products of a reaction.

Relative mass

A comparison of the mass of an atom to the mass of other atoms.

Mole

A unit used to count particles, with one mole containing Avogadro's number of particles.

Avogadro constant

The number of particles present in one mole of a substance.

Electrochemistry

The branch of chemistry that deals with the relationship between electricity and chemical reactions.

Electrolysis

A process that uses electricity to break down compounds.

Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells

Devices that produce electricity through the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.

Chemical energetics

The study of energy changes in chemical reactions.

Exothermic

A process or reaction that releases heat.

Endothermic

A process or reaction that absorbs heat.