Cold War Crisis 1958-1970

why was the Berlin Wall built?

Krushchev suspected the west of sending spies into east berlin

The high standard of living in the west contrasted with the harsh conditions in the east- reminded people communism was not successful so they started to leave east berlin (2.7 mil between 1945-1960)

Krushchev wanted to keep people from leaving east berlin

What was Krushchev’s Berlin ultimatum

He gave the west 6 months to leave berlin or go to war

what was discussed in the two summit meetings in 1959 (at Geneva and Camp David)

Negotiations about what to do with Berlin

when did the building of the berlin wall begin

13 august 1961 and all movement between the east and west was stopped

what were the consequences of the building of the berlin wall

the flow of refuguees slowed enormously (only 5000 between 1961-89)

western nations had a propaganda victory

the wall became a symbol of the division between east and west

what were the causes of the cuban missile crisis

Castro (a socialist) had overthrown Batiste to become the new leader of Cuba

The USA didnt want a socialist/communist country so close to them, so they refused to buy Cuba’s sugar crops

Castro did a deal with the USSR who bought their sugar crops

what was the bay of pigs crisis (april 1961)

America sent 1400 exiled Cubans to Cuba to try and overthrow Castro but were heavily defeated

Castro turned to the USSR for protection

The USSR started shipping weapons to Cuba

what did the usa discover on cuba

American spy planes photographed soviet missile bases on cuba and soviet ships on their way to cuba with missiles on board

what were the events of ‘The Thirteen Days’

Kenndey (USA president) ordered a naval blockade and threatened retaliation if missiles were fired

The world was on the brink of nuclear war

Kennedy promised to remove missiles from turkey if the missiles on cuba were removed

28 October- Krushchev removed missiles from cuba

what were the outcomes of the cuban missile crisis

Krushchev seemed to have failed

Kennedy became the hero of the West

A telephone hotline was set up between moscow and washington

Arms talks began

when was the nuclear test ban treaty signed

1963

what were the causes of the prague spring

Dubchek (leader or Czechoslovakia) started a series or reforms which would lead to more democracy

Some reforms were the right to challenge party policy and the end of censorship

what was the soviet response

Troops from the warsaw pact invaded czechoslovakia to reassert the authority of moscow

what were the consequences of the prague spring

Dubchek’s reforms were abandoned

The Brehznev doctrine was announced

The warsaw pact remaine strong

what was the brehznev doctrine

warsaw pact forces would be able to intervene in any eastern bloc nation which was seen to not be following soviet rules

how did the building of the berlin wall impact soviet-american relations

increased tension

worsened relations

created a visible divide

what happened during kennedy’s visit to berlin in 1963

thousands of people came to see him

kennedy gave a speech praising the freedoms of the west

what was the outer space treaty 1967

the USA and USSR agreed not to use space for military purposes

nuclear weapons could not be put into orbit

what was the nuclear non-profileration treaty 1968

agreed to stop the spread of nuclear weapons

countries that signed agreed not to share their nuclear technology with other countries

what was the international reaction to soviet measures in czechoslovakia

western governments were outraged at the invasion

the un attempted to pass a formal resoloution condeming the actions of the soviet union

what happened in the summit meeting at Geneva (May 1959)

both sides presented proposals for how erlin should be governed

no agreement was reached

what happened in the summit meeting at Camp David (September 1959)

eisenhowewer and krushchev met face to face for the first time

the soviets agreed to withdraw from the berlin ultimatum

it was agreed that further talks would be hel in paris

what happened in the meeting in paris (May 1960)

krushchev walked out of the meeting because the soviets had shot down an american U-2 spy plane flying over the soviet union and the pilot Gary Powers admitted to being on a spy mission.