Chapter 17: pH of Weak acids and Percent ionization + Ionization of Polyprotic acids and strength of acids + Bases and KbThe stronger the base, the more willing it is to accept H.

Another way to measure the strength of an acid is to determine the percentage of acid molecules that ionize when dissolved in water; this is called the ____________ _____________.The higher the percent ionization, the stronger the acid.

percent ionization

Increasing the initial concentration of acid results in

increased [H3O+] at equilibrium.

Increasing the initial concentration of acid results in

decreased percent ionization.

The stronger the base, the more willing it is

to accept H.

Base strength is measured by

the size of the equilibrium constant when it reacts with H2O

The equilibrium constant is called the

base ionization constant, Kb.

Larger Kb =

stronger base

The [H3O+]equilibrium of a weak acid

increases with increasing

[HA].

Percent ionization of a weak acid

decreases with

increasing [HA].

The stronger the base, the more willing it is to

accept H

In weak bases, only a small fraction of molecules

accept H's

The more polarized the bond,

the more acidic the bond.

The stronger the H─X bond,

the weaker the acid.

The more electronegative the Y atom,

the stronger the oxyacid

Salts are

water-soluble ionic compounds

Salts that contain the cation of a strong base and an anion that is the conjugate base of a weak acid are

basic

NaHCO3 solutions are

basic

NH4Cl solutions are

acidic

The stronger the acid, the weaker the

conjugate base

Ka x Kb=

Kw