U.S. History 1 - High Honors: Chapter 2 - Transplantations and Borderlands Exam

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114 Terms

1
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What is a proprietary colony?

Colonies granted to an individual or group with self-government rights.

2
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What is a royal colony?

A colony ruled by officials appointed by the reigning sovereign.

3
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What were the New England Colonies?

New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay Colonies, Rhode Island, Connecticut.

4
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What were the Middle Colonies?

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware.

5
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What were the Southern Colonies?

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia.

6
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What happened to the Roanoke colony?

Disappeared with no confirmed explanation.

7
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Who was John White?

Governor of the Roanoke colony.

8
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Why did John White leave Roanoke?

To gather supplies from England.

9
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What did John White find when he returned to Roanoke?

No trace of the colony or its inhabitants.

10
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What was carved into a wooden post at Roanoke?

The word 'Croatoan'.

11
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What were some theories about what happened to Roanoke?

Moving, native attacks, Spanish conquests.

12
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What colony did the lessons from Roanoke help?

Jamestown, founded 17 years later.

13
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When did the English find Jamestown?

1607.

14
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Who founded Quebec?

The French

15
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When was Quebec founded?

1609

16
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Who found Santa Fe, New Mexico?

The Spanish

17
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What were the early problems in the Chesapeake region?

Colonists and Natives, disease, starvation, Native raids

18
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What was the name of the first successful English settlement in the Chesapeake region?

Jamestown

19
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What happened during the Starving Time in Jamestown?

Severe food shortage, disease, and starvation

20
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Who assumed leadership and saved Jamestown from disaster?

John Smith

21
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Who saved Jamestown by serving as an intermediary between the settlers and Native Americans?

Pocahontas

22
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What was the emergence of the tobacco economy in the Chesapeake region?

The cultivation and export of tobacco became the main economic activity

23
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What was the Headright System?

A system where colonists received land grants for bringing indentured servants to the colony

24
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What was the House of Burgesses?

The first representative assembly in the American colonies

25
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What was the birth of American slavery in the Chesapeake region?

The introduction of African slaves as a labor force

26
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What was the suppression of the Powhatan Indians?

The English colonists' efforts to subdue and control the Powhatan tribe

27
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What led to the demise of the Virginia Company?

Mismanagement, financial difficulties, and conflicts with Native Americans

28
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Who was George Calvert?

The founder of Maryland and the first Lord Baltimore

29
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What was the proprietary rule in Maryland?

The Calverts were granted land and the authority to rule as proprietors

30
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What was the Act concerning religion in Maryland?

A law that granted religious toleration to all Christians

31
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Where was Jamestown located?

Along the James River in the Chesapeake Bay

32
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How many settlers arrived in Jamestown by 1609?

400

33
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Who took over as governor of Jamestown in 1610?

Lord de la Warr

34
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What harsh rule did Lord de la Warr impose on Jamestown?

Harsh military rule

35
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What tactics did Lord de la Warr use against the Indians?

Brutal tactics such as raiding villages and burning houses

36
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What were the brutal tactics used by Lord de la Warr called?

First Anglo-Powhatan War

37
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When did the First Anglo-Powhatan War end?

1614

38
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Who married Pocahontas, ending the First Anglo-Powhatan War?

John Rolfe

39
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What major Powhatan uprising occurred in 1622?

Second Powhatan Uprising

40
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How many settlers remained in Jamestown by 1625?

1,200 settlers

41
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Who perfected methods of raising and curing tobacco in Jamestown?

John Rolfe

42
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What did John Rolfe's methods of tobacco production lead to?

Increased demand for tobacco among Europeans

43
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How much tobacco did Virginia produce in 1618?

20,000 pounds

44
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How much tobacco did Virginia produce in 1622?

60,000 pounds

45
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What happened to the Virginia Company?

It became defunct and control of the colony was turned over to the Crown

46
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How much tobacco did Virginia produce in 1627?

500,000 pounds

47
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How much tobacco did Virginia produce in 1629?

1,500,000 pounds

48
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What was the headright system?

A system that promised land to new settlers in Jamestown

49
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How much land did new settlers receive under the headright system?

50 acres

50
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How much land did existing settlers receive under the headright system?

100 acres

51
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What assembly was authorized by the London Company in 1619?

House of Burgesses

52
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What was Maryland known for?

Being the 2nd plantation colony and a refuge for Catholics.

53
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Who founded Maryland and when?

Lord Baltimore in 1634.

54
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What were Tobacco Wives?

Women given to men as an incentive for the headright system.

55
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What was the labor system in the Chesapeake Bay colonies?

Dependent on indentured servants and later African slaves.

56
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What crops were grown in the Chesapeake Bay colonies?

Tobacco and sugar.

57
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What was the role of African slaves in the Chesapeake Bay colonies?

Providing intensive labor on plantations.

58
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What ideas did wealthy plantation owners bring to the southern colonies?

Plantation and slave systems, including slave codes.

59
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What was the ratio of African slaves to English colonists in the West Indies?

4 to 1.

60
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When were the first African slaves sold in Virginia?

1619.

61
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Why did owners begin importing slaves in the 1600s?

Decreasing indentured slave populations.

62
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What was the main reason for slave labor being expensive?

Additional slave purchases were minimal.

63
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What was the middle passage?

The route through which slaves were brought to the Americas.

64
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What was the outcome of warfare between Native Americans and settlers?

Natives were pushed Westward or killed by disease/warfare.

65
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Why were the English unsuccessful in keeping natives as labor?

Natives were disorganized and continued to help white settlers.

66
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What were the main factors that led to the decline of the Native American population?

Disease, disposability, and disorganization.

67
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What diseases affected Native Americans?

Smallpox and measles.

68
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What happened to the Powhatans by 1685?

The English considered them extinct.

69
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What was the main reason for the relocation of Native Americans not affecting the colonies?

The English did not rely on them for labor.

70
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What is disposability?

Indians were not seen as valuable commodities.

71
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What caused native competition and violence?

Introduction of firearms, mobility, and desire for prime hunting locations.

72
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Why did people want more furs?

To trade with Europeans and acquire more firearms.

73
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Who entered the Virginia colony in 1642?

Lord Berkley.

74
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Under whose decree did Lord Berkley enter the colony?

King Charles I.

75
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What was Lord Berkley responsible for?

Putting down Native uprisings and expanding Virginia's territories.

76
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How did Lord Berkley rule?

As an autocrat.

77
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Who could vote for burgesses by 1670?

Only those who owned land.

78
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Who could vote in 1619?

All men over 17.

79
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Were elections frequent in Virginia?

No, they were rare.

80
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What were the main causes of Bacon's Rebellion?

Social unrest, rising taxes, inflation, opposition to forts, and desire for reprisals against Native peoples.

81
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Who was Nathaniel Bacon?

A wealthy and educated man who owned a large plantation near the native frontier.

82
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What losses did Nathaniel Bacon suffer?

Heavy losses at the hands of the Natives.

83
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What did Nathaniel Bacon ask Governor Berkely?

To be allowed to lead the troops.

84
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What was the governor's response to Nathaniel Bacon's request?

He said no and believed the attacks would soon cease.

85
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Who controlled trade corruptly in Virginia?

Governor Sir William Berkely.

86
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What did the governor receive from his friends?

Kickbacks for concessions.

87
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What happened in the 1660s?

People began to live longer.

88
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What happened to indentured servants in the 1660s?

They finished their contracts.

89
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Why did tobacco prices drop?

There was an increase in tobacco production.

90
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What did plantation farmers do in response to dropping tobacco prices?

They bought more land to plant more tobacco.

91
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What options did the poor have?

Become tenant farmers or move.

92
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Why did the governor build forts on the frontier?

To stop emigration and preserve peace.

93
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What caused social unrest in Virginia?

High unemployment and rising taxes and inflation.

94
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What were some forms of protest during this time?

Mutinies among servants and protests against forts and Native peoples.

95
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What happened when the plan backfired?

New assembly passes reform legislation and imposes restrictions for governor.

96
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What did both armies do in Virginia?

Both armies plundered different parts of Virginia.

97
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What did Berkeley do in 1676?

Berkeley sent militia out of Jamestown.

98
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Who took over Jamestown?

Bacon took Jamestown.

99
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What happened to Berkeley?

Berkeley was forced to flee.

100
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What did Bacon do after taking over Jamestown?

Bacon burned Jamestown down in victory.