Brain Anatomy and Function Overview

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28 Terms

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Cerebral hemispheres

Paired superior brain parts, over half brain mass.

<p>Paired superior brain parts, over half brain mass.</p>
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Gyri

Ridges on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres.

<p>Ridges on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres.</p>
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Sulci

Grooves on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres.

<p>Grooves on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres.</p>
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Fissures

Deeper grooves in the brain's surface.

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Lobes

Regions named after overlying cranial bones.

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Cerebral cortex

Superficial gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres.

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White matter

Deep fiber tracts beneath the cerebral cortex.

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Basal nuclei

Deep gray matter regulating voluntary motor activities.

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Primary somatic sensory area

Processes sensory input from body receptors.

<p>Processes sensory input from body receptors.</p>
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Sensory homunculus

Spatial map of sensory input representation.

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Primary motor area

Controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements.

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Motor homunculus

Spatial map of motor output representation.

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Broca's area

Region responsible for speech production.

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Thalamus

Relay station for sensory impulses to cortex.

<p>Relay station for sensory impulses to cortex.</p>
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Hypothalamus

Regulates autonomic functions like temperature and metabolism.

<p>Regulates autonomic functions like temperature and metabolism.</p>
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Epithalamus

Forms roof of third ventricle, houses pineal gland.

<p>Forms roof of third ventricle, houses pineal gland.</p>
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Midbrain

Connects mammillary bodies to pons, contains cerebral aqueduct.

<p>Connects mammillary bodies to pons, contains cerebral aqueduct.</p>
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Pons

Structure below midbrain, involved in breathing control.

<p>Structure below midbrain, involved in breathing control.</p>
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Medulla oblongata

Controls vital functions like heart rate and breathing.

<p>Controls vital functions like heart rate and breathing.</p>
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Reticular formation

Gray matter involved in consciousness and sensory filtering.

<p>Gray matter involved in consciousness and sensory filtering.</p>
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Cerebellum

Coordinates balance and timing of movements.

<p>Coordinates balance and timing of movements.</p>
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Corpus callosum

Connects left and right cerebral hemispheres.

<p>Connects left and right cerebral hemispheres.</p>
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Projection fiber tracts

Connect cerebrum with lower CNS centers.

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frontal lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement

<p>A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement</p>
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parietal lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch.

<p>A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch.</p>
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temporal lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.

<p>A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.</p>
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occipital lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information

<p>A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information</p>
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Cerebrum

Area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body

<p>Area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body</p>