Module 3: The Heart

studied byStudied by 10 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

The heart

1 / 90

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

91 Terms

1

The heart

the organ responsible for pumping blood through the vessels of the cardiovascular system.

New cards
2

pericardial cavity

contains the heart

New cards
3

Base

The superior end of the heart, to which the "great veins and arteries," are attached

New cards
4

Apex

The inferior tip of the heart

New cards
5

Atrium

small chamber in the human heart that receives blood from the veins

New cards
6

Ventricule

A larger chamber of the heart that pumps blood out to the lungs and body

New cards
7

Pulmonary

pertaining to the lungs

New cards
8

pulmonary circuit

Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart, to the lungs, then back to the heart

New cards
9

Systematic circuit

Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to all other parts of the body and then back to the heart.

New cards
10

Pericardium

A set of membranes that cover the heart

New cards
11

Fibrous pericardium

outermost layer of pericardium, anchors the heart in place

New cards
12

Parietal Pericardium

outer layer of the pericardium, lines the pericardial cavity

New cards
13

Visceral Pericardium

innermost layer, covers the heart

Outermost layer of the heart

New cards
14

Pericardial Fluid

fills the space between the parietal and visceral layers, lubricates the heart, and reduces friction as it pumps.

New cards
15

3 layers of the heart

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

New cards
16

Epicardium

outermost layer of the heart, additional layer of protection from trauma or friction for the heart under the pericardium.

New cards
17

Myocardium

thickest layer of tissue that makes up the heart,made of cardiac muscle, blood vessels, and nerves.

New cards
18

Endocardium

a thin layer of epithelial tissue that lines the chambers of the heart.

New cards
19

Septa

Walls of tissue separating the four chambers of the heart

New cards
20

interatrial septum

thin layer of myocardium that separates the two atrias

New cards
21

interventricular septum

a thick layer of myocardium that separates the two ventricles

New cards
22

atrioventricular septum

layer of tissue between the atria and ventricles

New cards
23

Orfice

an opening

New cards
24

Valves

prevent back flow of blood

New cards
25

tricuspid valve

prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium from the right ventricle

New cards
26

bicuspid valve/ mitral valve

prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium from the left ventricle

New cards
27

chordae tendineae

Connective tissue fibers that help to prevent the valves from being forced to open backwards

New cards
28

pulmonary semilunar valve

prevent blood from flowing back into the right ventricle

New cards
29

aortic semilunar valve

of prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle

New cards
30

Contractile cells

contracts and generates the force to pump blood

New cards
31

Conducting cells/ "autorhythmic cells"

control electrical activity of the heart, and set the heart beat

New cards
32

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A condition in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick.

New cards
33

Shape of heart

cone-shaped, similar to a pinecone

New cards
34

Size of heart

size of fist

New cards
35

Left ventricle

pumps blood into the systemic circuit via the opening to the aorta.

New cards
36

Right Ventricle

pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit via the opening to the pulmonary trunk.

New cards
37

Left Atrium

flows into the left ventricle through the bicuspid orifice

New cards
38

Right Atrium

flows into the right ventricle through the tricuspid orifice.

New cards
39

Intercalated discs

Link cardiac muscle cells together

New cards
40

Desmosomes

Help link the cells together with strength

New cards
41

functional syncytium

describes how branches and gap junctions link the entire myocardium into a single functional unit

New cards
42

Cardiac muscle cells structure

Short, small in diameter, and branched

New cards
43

4 Great vessels

  • Superior + inferior vena cava

  • aorta

  • pulmonary trunk

  • Pulmonary veins

New cards
44

4 Chambers

  • Left atrium

  • Right atrium

  • Left ventricle

  • Right ventricle

New cards
45

4 Valves

  • Tricuspid

  • Bicuspid (mitral)

  • Pulmonary semilunar

  • Aortic Semilunar

New cards
46

Flow of Blood

Superior and inferior vena cavae - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary semilunar valve - pulmonary artery - pulmonary veins - left atrium - bicuspid valve - left ventricle - aortic semilunar valve - aorta

New cards
47

Left side of heart (Systemic circuit)

pumps blood to the body

New cards
48

Right side of heart (Pulmonary circuit)

Pumps blood to and through lungs

New cards
49

serous membrane

Thin, shiny lining covering the heart. Also lines the inside of the heart

New cards
50

5 layers of the heart + membrane

  • Fibrous pericardium

  • Parietal pericardium

  • visceral pericardium/ epicardium

  • myocardium

  • endocardium

New cards
51

Functional syncytium

multiple cells coming together and acting as one unit

New cards
52

Cardiac cycle

period from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next

New cards
53

Systole

Contraction of the heart

New cards
54

diastole

Relaxation of the heart

New cards
55

Interatrial septum

Thin layer of myocardium

New cards
56

Interventricular septum

thick layer of myocardium

New cards
57

Intrinsic and extrinsic control mechanisms

Controls the rate at which the heart beats

New cards
58

contractile cells

Contract and generate the force to pump blood

New cards
59

Where are contractile cells located

myocardium

New cards
60

Conducting cells

control electrical activity of the heart and set the heart beat.

New cards
61

functional syncytium

branches and gap junctions link the entire myocardium into a single functional unit.

New cards
62

Which node depolarizes at the fastest rate?

The Sinoatrial (SA) Node

New cards
63

Atrioventricular node

picks up electrical impulses and spreads it across the atria and carries it to the ventricles at a slower speed

New cards
64

Purkinje Fibers

picks up electrical activity and rapidly spreads a wave of depolarization across the myocardium of the ventricles.

New cards
65

Cardiac cycle

the period from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next one.

New cards
66

Atrial systole

contraction of the atria

New cards
67

End-diastolic volume (EDV)

the volume of blood in the ventricles is maximal after atrial systole

New cards
68

End- systolic volume( ESV)

The volume of blood in the heart at the end of ventricular systole

New cards
69

Stroke Volume

the quantity of blood ejected by the ventricles

New cards
70

Ejection Fraction

Percentage of blood pumped out

New cards
71

Isovolumetric contraction

Volume of fluid remains constant while all ventricles are contracting

New cards
72

Isovolumetric relaxation

All four valves are closed simultaneously

New cards
73

Cardiac Output

The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in a minute

New cards
74

Contractility

The force exerted by the myocardium

New cards
75

Positive inotropic effect

Any factor that increases contracitility

New cards
76

Negative inotropic effect

Any factor that decreases contractiility

New cards
77

Afterload

the amount of force the ventricles must produce to eject blood through the semilunar valves

New cards
78

Filling time

The duration of ventricular diastole

New cards
79

Venous return

the rate of flow back to the heart from the body

New cards
80

Stroke Volume equation

SV= EDV- ESV

New cards
81

Cardiac Output equation

CO(ml/min)= HR (beat/min) x SV (ml/beat)

New cards
82

intercalated disk

Links cardiac muscle cells

New cards
83

Ejection fraction equation

SV/EDV x100

New cards
84

Cardioacceleratory center

stimulates sympaatheric neurons to send signals to the heart

New cards
85

Vagus nerves

release acetylcholine (ACh)

New cards
86

P wave

Depolarization of atria

New cards
87

QRS complex

Contraction of ventricles

New cards
88

T wave

Repolarization of the ventricles

New cards
89

Depolarization

Contracting

New cards
90

Repolarization

Relaxed

New cards
91
New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
4.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 34 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 57 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 22 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1975 people
... ago
4.7(11)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (93)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (115)
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (22)
studied byStudied by 17 people
... ago
5.0(3)
flashcards Flashcard (75)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (29)
studied byStudied by 27 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (40)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (134)
studied byStudied by 2615 people
... ago
4.0(26)
robot