Italian Baroque

Baroque

it is derived from a Portuguese word to describe asymmetrical or irregularly shaped pearls; implies excessive freedom and a departure from classical rules of order, simplicity, clarity, symmetry

Baroque

is a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance and music; it comes from the Italian name for “a pearl with an uneven shape”; style is characterized by complex curves that are full and vigorous

Reformation

great 16th-century religious revolution in the Christian church, which ended the ecclesiastical supremacy of the pope in Western Christendom and resulted in the establishment of the Protestant churches

Council of Trent

19th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic church, which, in response to the Protestant Reformation, initiated a general reform of the church and precisely defined its essential dogmas

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

choose ordinary people as the figures in his religious works; dramatic, realistic and chiaroscuro technique

works: The Conversion of St. Paul, Conversion on the Way to Damascus,. Marriage at Cana, Crucifixion of Saint Peter, The Entombment of Christ, Calling of Matthew

Tenebrism

use of sharply contrasting light and dark; is from Tenebroso (obscure) to describe the use of a very dark overall tonality of the painting

Rembrandt Van Rijn

the greatest genius of the Dutch school who painted portraits and scenes of genre and religious subjects; his major contributions was the development of an artificial and unique technique of handling light and shadow called the Rembrandt lighting

works: Night Watch, Belshazzar’s Feast

Jan Vermeer

“little Dutch master” next to Rembrandt; usual subjects focuses on women at some household chores

works: Maidservant Pouring Milk; girl with a Pearl Earring

Pietro Da Cortona

Italian painter and architect, one of the leaders of the 17th century high baroque style in Rome

works: Fresco in the Ceiling of Gran Salone of the Palazzo Barberini

Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

is the central sculptural group in white marble set in an elevated aedicule in the Cornaro Chapel Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome

Solomonic Columns

barley Sugar columns/ columns with twisted shafts

Carlo Maderno

most important figure in early baroque architecture; Italian architect, whose work prefigured the baroque style of the 17th century; He completed the unfinished facade (1614) of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome

Nicola Salvi

an Italian architect; among his few projects completed is the famous Trevi fountain in Rome, Italy

Trevi Fountain

is a fountain in the Trevi district in Rome, Italy; standing 26.3metres (86ft) high and 49.15metres (161.3ft) wide, it is the largest baroque fountain in the city and one of the most famous fountains in the world

Francesco De Sanctis

was a late Baroque Italian architect; most notable for his design of the Spanish Steps in Rome in collaboration with Alessandro Specchi

The Spanish Steps

are a set of steps in Rome, Italy, climbing a steep slope between the piazza di Spagna at the base and Piazza trinità dei monti, dominated by the trinità dei monti church at the to

Church of Il Gesu

the mother church of the Society of Jesus, a roman catholic religious order known as the Jesuits; its facade is the “first truly baroque facade” introducing the baroque style of architecture

Quadratura

architectural space painted in illusionistic perspective

Di sotto in su

painting showing an illusionistic view upward into a seeming dome, sky or heaven

Arm Chairs (Sedia)

turnings were commonly used for legs & stretchers; Backs became lower in height

Pietre Dure (Pietra Dura)

form of inlay used in Renaissance furniture, made up of pieces of marble, other very hard minerals and semi-precious stones such as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, jasper and lapis lazuli

Scagliola

mixture of plaster and various sorts of powdered stone, used to imitate It was employed to make tops for tables, and marble