Synarthrosis Joints
Immovable joints, present only in skull
4 Types of Suture Joints
Coronal, Sagittal, Lambdoidal, Squamous
Coronal Suture
The suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull
Sagittal Suture
The suture uniting the two parietal bones
Lambdoidal Suture
Suture between the parietals and the occipital bone
Squamous Suture
Suture between the parietals and the temporal bone
Frontal Bone
The large cranial bone forming the front part of the cranium: includes the upper part of the orbits
Parietal Bones
Two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top and sides of the cranium
Temporal Bones
Thick bones forming the side of the human cranium and encasing the inner ear
Occipital Bone
A saucer-shaped membrane bone that forms the back of the skull
Sphenoid Bone
Butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull, holds all other bones together
Ethmoid Bone
A small bone located between the orbits in the skull, comprising part of the sinuses
Nasal Bones
Two bones on either side of the nose, of varying shape and size depending on genetics, irregularly shaped
Zygomatic Bones
Two irregularly shaped bones on either side of the skull; form the cheekbones
Maxillae
The bone that forms your upper jaw. The right and left halves are irregularly shaped bones that fuse together in the middle of the skull, below the nose, in an area known as the intermaxillary suture
Mandible
Lower jaw bone, detached & movable, irregular bone
Mental Foramen
Entry points in the mandible bone for blood vessels
Vomer
Thin trapezoidal bone of the skull forming the posterior and inferior parts of the nasal septum
Inferior Nasal Concha
Small irregularly shaped bones in the sides of the nasal canal
Lacrimal Bone
Small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts; drains eyes to nasal
Foramen Magnum
The large opening at the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord passes
Styloid Process
Extends from the base of the temporal bone
Mastoid Process
A smooth conical projection of bone located at the base of the mastoid area of the temporal bone. It allows the attachment of muscles.
External Auditory Meatus
Hole in the side of the cranium which forms the ear canal
External Occipital Protuberance
Small bump on occipital bone which serves as a muscular attachment point
Palatine Bones
Two bones in upper jaw, forming roof of mouth/hard palate
Vertebral Column
26 bones in total; Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, and Coccyx
Cervical Spine
Seven bones; bifid spinous (two bumps); first bone is called Atlas, second is called Axis.
Atlas Vertebra
First cervical vertebra, holds up skull, allows for nodding motion
Axis Vertebra
Second cervical vertebra, allows for head-shaking motion, has a structure called a dens which is a bump.
Thoracic Vertebrae
Articulate with ribs, look like giraffe's face, downward spinous
Lumbar Vertebrae
Largest and strongest of the vertebrae; looks like moose's face; square spinous
Sacrum
Wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae forming the posterior part of the pelvis; permits articulation of two hip bones; contains many foramen for nerves
Coccyx
Tailbone; points inferiorly in those with birth canals, anteriorly in those without
Vertebral Discs
Discs of cartilage between vertebrae which absorb shock
Vertebral Fusion
The placing of a vertical rod between two vertebrae, keeping the disc in place while eliminating the ability for those two vertebrae to bend
Herniated Disc
A painful slip of the fibrocartilage of the disc between spinal vertebrae; occurs most often in the lumbar region; causes disc to put pressure on spinal cord
Scoliosis
An abnormal lateral curve to the vertebral column
Kyphosis
An abnormal backward curve to the vertebral column; observed most commonly in the elderly due to muscular atrophy
Rib Cage
12 pairs of ribs (24 in all), plus sternum
Sternum
Flat bone which connects all ribs in the anterior face of the ribcage; Manubrium (top), body (middle, part with most of the rib connections), Xiphoid Process (very bottom tip, can break off during CPR and puncture lungs)
True RIbs
7 pairs-- connect directly to sternum
False Ribs
5 pairs, including floating ribs-- connect indirectly to sternum
Floating Ribs
2 pairs-- don't connect to sternum at all, connect only to thoracic spine; technically also false ribs
Inner Ear Bones
Hammer, anvil, stirrup; malleus, incus, stapes
Malleus
Hammer ear bone
Incus
Anvil ear bone
Stapes
Stirrup ear bone
Manubrium
Top of sternum
Rib Facets
The part of the rib which articulates with the thoracic spine
Floating ribs are false ribs
Why are there 7 pairs of true ribs, 5 pairs of false ribs, and 2 pairs of floating ribs when there are only 12 pairs of ribs in all?