Assessment of the Reproductive Systems

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the anatomy and physiology of the female and male reproductive systems, assessment techniques, common conditions, and variations throughout the lifecycle.

Female Breast

Paired mammary glands located on the anterior chest wall.

Tail of Spence

Upper outer quadrant of the breast that is most prone to tumorous tissue.

Glandular Tissue

Functional part of the breasts allowing for milk production.

Fibrous Tissue

Supports the glandular tissue using Cooper's ligaments.

Fat Tissue

Provides most of the substance, size, and shape of the breasts.

Nipple

The center of the breasts, contains openings of the lactiferous ducts.

Areola

Surrounds the nipple and contains elevated sebaceous glands.

Vascular Supply

The internal mammary artery supplies blood to the breast.

Cooper's Ligaments

Suspensory ligaments that support the glandular tissue of the breasts.

Pectoralis Major

Muscle over which the breasts lay.

Mons Pubis

Hair-covered fat pad over the symphysis pubis.

Prepuce

The hood of the clitoris.

Labia Majora

Rounded folds of adipose tissue with coarse terminal hair.

Labia Minora

Thin, pinkish folds without terminal hair.

Clitoris

Small piece of erectile tissue, a primary center of sexual excitement.

Skene Glands

Glands that moisten the urethra.

Bartholin Glands

Glands that produce mucus during sexual intercourse.

Vaginal Orifice

Opening at the lower portion of the vestibule.

Urethral Orifice

Opening located just below the clitoris.

Vestibule

Enclosed by the labia minora with six openings.

Hymen

Tissue surrounding the vaginal opening, may tear.

Perineum

Tissue located between the fourette and the anus.

Anus

The exit of the gastrointestinal tract, located at the gluteal folds.

Vagina

Connects the external genitalia to the cervix.

Uterus

Pear-shaped muscular organ that undergoes significant size changes.

Cervix

Allows sperm to enter the uterus and secretes mucus.

Fallopian Tubes

Extend from the uterus to the ovaries.

Ovaries

Secrete estrogen/progesterone and store eggs.

Bony Pelvis

Formed by the innominate bones, sacrum, and coccyx.

Infants at Birth

Breast enlargement and labia enlargement due to maternal hormone transfer.

Adolescents

External genitalia increase in size during puberty.

Pregnancy

Involves significant body changes to maintain a growing fetus.

Older Adults

Atrophy of breast tissue and menopause-related changes.

CC/HPI

Chief complaint/history of present illness regarding reproductive health.

PMH

Past medical history of menstrual and reproductive health.

FH

Family history of breast, endometrial, cervical, or ovarian cancers.

CHS

Current health status including diet, habits, and health screenings.

ROS

Review of systems for urinary problems and cancer risks.

Breast Inspection

Technique to assess breast size, symmetry, and abnormalities.

Breast Palpation

Assessment technique involving palpation of breast tissue.

Common Anomalies of Breast

Includes conditions like nipple inversion and retraction.

Breast Masses

Signs and symptoms associated with breast lumps and masses.

Peau d'orange

Skin condition involving edema and thickening with enlarged pores.

Genitalia Inspection Preparation

Explain procedure, ensure privacy, and have client empty bladder.

Equipment for Genital Exam

Includes exam table, gloves, lubricant, speculum, and light.

Inspection of External Genitalia

Assess for hair distribution, swelling, and lesions.

Palpation of External Genitalia

Assessment of Skene and Bartholin glands for abnormalities.

Inspection of Internal Genitalia

Involves inserting a speculum to view the cervix.

Shape of Cervical Os

Different shapes indicate whether a woman has had children.

Palpation of Internal Genitalia

Bimanual examination to assess cervix and uterus.

Cystocele

Herniation of the bladder into the anterior wall of the vagina.

Rectocele

Herniation of the rectum into the posterior vaginal wall.

Bartholin Gland Inflammation

Caused commonly by gonococcal infection, resulting in redness and tenderness.

Herpes Simplex Virus II

STD that produces small, painful vesicles.

Vaginal Discharges/Infections

Conditions that can arise in the genital area.

Male External Structures

Includes penis and scrotum involved in urinary and reproductive functions.

Penis

Organ that excretes urine and can release sperm.

Scrotum

Sac that houses the testes and regulates their temperature.

Internal Structures of Male

Includes urethra, testicles, vas deferens, and prostate.

Sexual Physiology

Increased blood supply to the penis causes erection.

Male Age Variations

Developmental changes from infancy to older adulthood.

CC/HPI in Males

Includes pain, discharges, dysfunction, and infertility issues.

PMH in Males

Past medical history of injuries, STDs, and cancers.

FH in Males

Family history of testicular and prostate cancers.

CHS in Males

Current health habits, sexual history, and contraception use.

Male ROS

Review of urinary-related problems and risks for cancers.

Inspection of Male Genitalia

Observe for hair growth, color, and potential abnormalities.

Palpation of Male Genitalia

Gentle assessment for abnormalities in penis and scrotum.

Testicular Self Exam

Recommended for males aged 16-35 to detect issues.

Hernias in Males

Check for abdominal organ protrusion in the inguinal area.

Common Male Abnormalities

Conditions like herpes, syphilis, and cancers.

Herpes Simplex Virus II

Causes red, painful vesicles in genital area.

Syphilis Chancre

Highly infectious, painless lesion commonly found on the glans.

Testicular Tumor

Irregular, nontender mass, most are malignant.

Hydrocele

Nontender fluid-filled mass that transilluminates.

Varicocele

Varicose veins of the spermatic cord, described as 'bag of worms'.

Scrotal Edema

Associated with generalized body edema.

Epididymitis

Inflammation of the epididymis associated with infections.

Testicular Torsion

Twisting of the testis causing an emergency situation.

Hypospadias

Congenital displacement of the urinary meatus.

Orchitis

Acute inflammation of the testis, often a complication of mumps.

Penile Carcinoma

Commonly squamous cell cancer associated with poor hygiene.

Genital Warts

Infection from HPV that may lead to squamous cell carcinoma.

Lactiferous Ducts

Ducts through which milk passes from the breasts.

Montgomery Glands

Sebaceous glands in the areola.

Internal Mammary Artery

Main vascular supply for the breast tissue.

Serratus Anterior

Muscle contributing to the structure of the breast area.

Lymph Nodes in Breasts

Include pectoral, subscapular, brachial, and midaxillary nodes.

Age and Gender Variations

Changes in reproductive structures over a lifespan.

Cervical Changes in Pregnancy

Cervix changes color to blue, indicating pregnancy status.

Menarche

The first occurrence of menstruation.

Menopause

The end of a woman's reproductive period.

Chadwick’s Sign

Cervical bluish discoloration during pregnancy.

Smegma

A natural secretion that gathers under the foreskin.

PAP Test

A screening test for cervical cancer.

BSE

Breast Self Exam, a method for early detection of breast cancer.

Tanner Scale

A scale to assess pubertal development.

Episiotomy

A surgical incision made in the perineum during childbirth.

Amphiarthrosis Joint

A type of joint that permits limited movement.

Menstrual Cycle

The monthly cycle of changes in a woman's body.