intergumentary system

Melanocytes

Cells that produce pigment

Melanin

Pigment produced from melanocytes

Albinism

Lack of melanin causes skin and hair to be white

Hyperpigmentation

Skin develops dark patches/spots due to over melanin production

Cyanosis

Skin turns blue from a lack of oxygen

Caretenemia

Too much vitamin A accumulates in the skin so it turns yellow

Acne

Caused by bacteria, genetics, or excessive oil production, comes in various forms

Decubitis Ulcers

Damage to the skin caused by unrelieved pressure

Eczema

Inflamed, irritated, itchy skin caused by asthma or allergies

Psoriasis

Chronic inflammatory skin disease, unknown cause

Athlete’s foot

Dry, inflamed skin caused by fungus

Warts

Bumps on the skin caused by HPV

Shingles

Rash on the skin caused by chicken pox

Cold sores

Painful bumps that form around the lips caused by herpes simplex

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Skin, blood vessels, and joints are loose and weakened. Caused by loose collagen, premature aging

Vitilago

Causes depigmentation in the skin, (loss of melanocytes)

Hypertrochosis

Unnatural and Excessive hair growth linked with a Y chromosome triat

Leprosy

Skin sores caused by bacteria that can become numb

Elephantiasis

Parasite that blocks the lymphatic system, causing enlarged body parts

Negative feedback

Body goes away from homeostasis (set point, comes back

Burn Causes

Heat, Radiation, light, chemicals, Electricity, friction

First deg.

Skin turns red

Swelling

2nd deg.

Red skin

Swelling

Blisters

Third deg.

Dark red skin

Swelling

Peeling skin

Sometimes blackened

No pain sometimes

Rule of Nines

Determines percentage area burned on a victim, 15% is life threatening to adults, 10% for children

Contractures

Permanent or temporary immobility cause of tightening of skin, muscles, or tendons that results in

Hypovolic shock

severe blood or fluid loss makes heart unable to pump enough fluid for the body

SPF

Amount of protection against UV radiation

UV radiation

Can cause burns, activate oncogenes

How skin cancer spreads

Skin cancer cells break off into blood stream or lymphatic system

Sebum

Oil

Oncogenes

Mutated gene that can cause cancer (uncontrolled cell growth) if activated

Blister

dermis and epidermis separate

Calluses

Friction repeatedly occurs, keratin build up from dead cells

Bruise

blood vessels burst, purplish-red spots on skin

Abscess

Pus that collects in tissue surrounded by inflammatory skin caused by an infection

Dandruff

Flaky skin, itchy scalp caused by too much sebum in glands

Jaundice

Skins turns yellow because liver isn’t processing properly :((((

Benign

Noncancerous Tumor that doesn’t spread

Malignant

Cancerous tumor that spreads to other parts of the body

Metastasis

Cancer spreading to parts of the body (rip Kenny gramps)

Collagen

Structural protein that makes up skin/skin cells

Keratin

Protein made up of dead cells and makes up a lot of the integumentary system

Regeneration

Tissue is injured, cells divide via mitosis and the tissue functions the same as the original.

Replacement

Tissue has been injured, does not function the same as it did.

How does a tattoo remain in the skin?

A tattoo remains in the skin because the ink is injected into the dermis where skin cells are alive and more stable