3 & 4 Unit Document Based Question

Mughals

Muslim (Sunni) empire with a Hindu majority, known for religious tolerance and monumental architecture like the Taj Mahal.

Ottomans

Muslim (Sunni) empire characterized by religious tolerance and military organization including janissaries, noted for the Siege of Constantinople.

Catherine the Great

Prominent ruler of Russia, known for reforming and expanding the empire.

Manchu

Ethnic group in China, known for conflicts with Han Chinese and notable events like the Yangzhou Massacre.

Safavids

Persian empire distinguished by Shia Islam, known for promoting religious tolerance and rivalry with Sunni Muslims.

Spanish Casta System

Social hierarchy in Spanish colonies based on ethnicity, with Peninsulares at the top and mestizos, mulattoes, and zambos lower.

Encomienda

A Spanish labor system that allowed colonists to demand tribute and forced labor from indigenous inhabitants.

Battle of Diu

A naval battle where the Portuguese defeated a coalition force, pivotal in establishing their maritime empire.

Laissez-Faire

Economic philosophy by Adam Smith advocating minimal government interference in economic affairs.

Decolonization

The process after WW2 in which colonized nations gained independence, often marked by movements against imperial powers.

Social Contract

Philosophical concept advocating that individuals consent to relinquish some freedoms to gain security and order from the government.

Devshirme System

Ottoman practice of conscripting Christian boys to serve as elite soldiers in the Janissaries.

Fabian Society

British socialist organization advocating gradual change toward socialism, influential in sociopolitical change.

St. Petersburg

City founded by Peter the Great as a symbol of modernization and Westernization in Russia.

Harem Politics

Political influence of the Sultan’s wives and concubines in the Ottoman Empire.

African Asian Conference

Also known as the Bandung Conference, where leaders from decolonized countries came together to discuss solidarity and cooperation.