English 10: Second Quarter

Research

a systematic investigation and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions

Campaign

series of actions or events that are meant to achieve a particular result

First Part of Campaign

varying purposes

Second Part of Campaign

similar structure

Third Part of Campaign

use of language and persuasive techniques

Forth Part of Campaign

to convince audiences to perform a certain action

Civil Society Campaign
Political Campaign
Advertising Campaign

types of campaigns

Civil Society Campaign

a project intended to mobilize public support in order to instigate social change

Political Campaign

an organized effort which seeks to influence the decision making process within a specific group

Advertising Campaign

a series of advertisement messages that share a single idea and theme

Advocacy

promoting the interests or cause of someone or a group of people

speaking or acting with the intention of affecting or changing specific policies, systems, or ideas

change can occur: governmental, health, social, economic, and legal, among others

helping people find their voice

Mass Advocacy

organized and orchestrated through large groups (i.e. polls, protests)

Media Advocacy

using media as the primary means to promote a specific cause

Health Advocacy

supporting the rights of patients and improving the community of people who care about patients

Self-Advocacy

motions taken by individuals to support their own rights in the workplace, schools, etc.

Persuasive Text

any text where the main purpose is to present a point of view and seeks to persuade a reader. it can be argument, exposition, discussion, review, or even an advertisement

Advocare

to call out for support

Mass Advocacy
Media Advocacy
Health Advocacy
Self-Advocacy

types of advocacies

Statement of Position
Arguments
Reinforcement of Position Statement

the structures of persuasive text

Exposition

persuades the reader or listener by presenting one side of an argument

Statement of Position

it gives an overview of the argument and reveals the position to be argued

Arguments Section

is a series of points with supporting evidence. here is where you try to convince the reader into believing your point of view on a particular issue. As a basis, you should have at least three main argument points and can include more if necessary

Sum Up

in this section you will strongly repeat what you believe in with a summary of your argument points

Introduction
Body
Conclusion

structures of an exposition

The use of material process
The use of relational process
The use of simple present tense
The use of transitional signals to show contrast
The use of mental process
The use of connecting words
The use of emotive words
The use of modal verbs
The use of evaluative language
The use of thinking verbs
The use of conjunctions

language features of an exposition

The use of material process

state what happened

The use of relational process

state what is or should be

The use of simple present tense

state the point using simple present tense

The use of transitional signals to show contrast

(e.g. although, however, but, etc)

The use of mental process

state what you think or feel about the issue

The use of connecting words

connective words link ideas in an argument (e.g. firstly, for that reason, for example, as a consequence, because of this, in particular, therefore, finally)

The use of emotive words

these are words that causes emotional reaction from the readers

The use of modal verbs

express the writer's attitude to the topic (e.g. can, could, should, must, might)

The use of evaluative language

evaluative languages suggests the degree of approval or helps compare ideas (e.g. important, best, most, truth, largest, more popular)

The use of thinking verbs

used to express what the writer thinks about the issue (e.g. believe, consider, decide, dream, forget, forgive, guess, imagine, know, notice, realize, remember)

The use of conjunctions

join one part of a sentence to another. they link the flow of the argument (e.g. and, so, because, therefore, if, and, but)

thesis statement

consists of one sentence and appears last in the introduction

identifies your topic and states your position on it

Introduction
Main Body
Counter Argument
Conclusion

structures of an argumentative essay

Introduction

introduces the main argument and provides a brief background of the argumentative essay topic, it acts as a roadmap for the entire essay

Hook Statement
Background Information on the topic
Thesis Statement

parts of an introduction

Hook Statement

to grab the attention of your reader immediately

Background Information on the topic

provides information about your argument and the main claim of your essay

Thesis Statement

should highlight your perspective, stance, and reason for your position

Main Body

present your point of view and provide evidence that supports your argument

to explain how valid your claim is by providing evidence that strengthens your argument

Purpose
Topic Sentence
Evidence
Concluding Statement

basic things that a body paragraph should state

Purpose

why are you making an argument about a particular issue?

Topic Sentence

a face or an example that helps the reader better understand your argument; should focus on just one point only

Evidence

states facts with examples and statistics

Concluding Statement

should reassert how the topic sentence helps the reader better understand the claim

Counter Argument

the other side of the issue which mentions the opposing argument(s)

conclude this paragraph by reasserting the central idea of your essay

Conclusion

summarizes the entire discussion of the essay and provides a call to action

same significance as the introduction paragraph

restate your thesis statement

explain the importance of your argument and bring your discussion to the logical end

propose a solution

consequences if your argument is not believed and what good will happen if it's believed

Assertion

stylistic approach or technique

strong declaration, a forceful or a confident and positive statement regarding a belief or a fact

without proof or any support

to express ideas or feelings directly

Rhetorical Question

a question someone asks without expecting an answer

asked to punch up a point

Repetition

emphasize an idea and make it clear

allows a writer or speaker to place emphasis on things

Strong and Powerful Language

forceful and emphatic

hooks the reader's attention

Claims of Fact

a claim that is based on researched information

Claims of Value

a claim that is based on personal opinion

Claims of Policy

a claim that makes an assertion about a course of action that should be taken

Multimedia

an interactive media and provides multiple ways to represent information to the user

it provides interaction between users and digital information as a medium of communication

used extensively in education and other areas like training, reference material, business presentations, advertising, documentaries

Text
Graphics
Audio
Video
Animation

major components of multimedia

Text

most common multimedia element

have various types of fonts and sizes

one of the most frequently combined mediums in the world of multimedia

combined with photographs and video presentations

Graphic

make the multimedia application attractive

represent non-text information, such as drawings, photographs, chats, tables, graphs, etc

used more often than text

can be combined with the text medium

Bitmap Images
Vector Graphics

types of graphics

Bitmap Images

real images that can be captured from devices such as digital cameras or scanner; not editable; requires large amount of memory

Vector Images

drawn on the computer and only require a small amount of memory; editable

Audio

use of speech, music, and sound effects

can be added and combined with all other media types

Video

moving picture, accompanied by sound like television picture

gives a lot of information in a small duration of time

Animation

process of making a static image look like it is moving

continuous series of still images

Audience
Content
Organization
Platform

things to consider in creating your presentation

Dynamic Elements
Static Elements

multimedia elements

Dynamic Elements

an element of multimedia that is interactable; changes

examples: website

Static Elements

an element of multimedia that doesn't change

examples: newspaper

Multimodal Text

instructional resources that corporate modes of communication

combination of listening, speaking, reading, writing, and viewing

Linguistic
Visual
Audio
Gestural
Spatial

elements of multimodal text

Linguistic

vocabulary, structure, grammar of oral/written language

Visual

color, vectors, and viewpoint in still and moving images

Audio or Aural

volume, pitch, and rhythm of music and sound effects

Gestural

movement, facial expression, and body language

Spatial

proximity, direction, position of layout, organization of objects in space

1. Determine your rhetorical situation
2. Review and analyze other multimodal texts
3. Gather content, media, and tools
4. Cite and attribute information appropriately
5. Begin drafting your text

how to create a multimodal text?

1. Determine your rhetorical situation

first step in creating a multimodal text

2. Review and analyze other multimodal texts

second step in creating a multimodal text

3. Gather content, media, and tools

third step in creating a multimodal text

4. Cite and attribute information appropriately

fourth step in creating a multimodal text

5. Begin drafting your text

fifth step in creating a multimodal text

Message
Author
Audience
Genre
Medium

components of rhetorical situation

Paper-based Multimodal Texts
Live Multimodal Texts
Digital Multimodal Texts

types of multimodal texts

Paper-based Multimodal Texts

a type of multimodal texts that includes picture books, text books, graphic novels, comics, and posters

Live Multimodal Texts

a type of multimodal texts that include dance, performance, and oral storytelling; convey meaning through combinations of various modes such as gestural, spatial, audio, and oral language

Digital Multimodal Texts

a type of multimodal texts that include film, animation, slide shows, e-posters, digital stories, podcasts, and webpages

A kind of Auxiliary Verb that is used to express modalities such as possibility, ability, prohibition and necessity.

what is modal verb?

Permission
Ability
Obligation
Prohibition
Lack of Necessity
Advice
Possibility
Probability

what does modal verbs express?

Ability

the modal verb "can/can't"

Possibility

the modal verb "could/might/may"

Certainty

the modal verb "must/must have"

: she must be cleaver

Advice

the modal verb "should/ought to/must"

Obligation

the modal verb "must/have to"

: you must finish your task by this afternoon

Must

a modal verb that expresses strong obligation, logical conclusion/certainty

Can

a modal verb that expresses ability, permission, possibility

Could

a modal verb that expresses ability in the past, polite permission, possibility