chem unit 7 - acids, bases, and salts

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35 Terms

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acids + metals →

salt + H2

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acids + bases →

salt + H2O

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acids + carbonates →

salt + H2O + CO2

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acids effect on litmus

red

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acids effect on methyl orange

red

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acids effect on thymolphthalein

colourless

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define the term ‘bases’

oxides or hydroxides of metals

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define the term ‘alkali’

soluble bases that release hydroxide ions in solution

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bases + ammonium salts →

salt + water + NH3

ex: NH4Cl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O + NH3

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alkali effect on litmus

blue

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alkali effect on thymolphthalein

blue

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alkali effect on methyl orange

yellow

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what ions do aqueous solutions of acids contain?

H+ ions

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what ions do aqueous solutions of alkalis contain?

OH- ions

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ph scale

acids: pH less than 7

alkalis: pH greater than 7

neutral: pH exactly 7

(check from book)

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neutralization reaction (water)

H+ (aq.) + OH- (aq.) → H2O (l)

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acids are proton ____

donors

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bases are proton ____

acceptors

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strong acid

an acid that is completely dissociated in aqueous solution

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weak acid

an acid that is partially dissociated in aqueous solution

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strong acid and its symbol equation

hydrochloric acid

HCl (aq) → H+ (aq) Cl- (aq)

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weak acid and its symbol equation

ethanoic acid

CH3COOH (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + CH3COO- (aq)

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3 types of oxides

  1. acidic (non-metal oxides)

  2. basic (metal oxides)

  3. amphoteric

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acidic oxides

  • non-metal oxides

  • SO2

  • CO2

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basic oxides

  • metal oxides

  • CaO

  • CuO

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amphoteric oxides

  • react with acids and with bases to produce a salt and water

  • ZnO

  • Al2O3

  • ZaP

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