Lecture 17 flashcards for biochem

Which hormone lowers blood glucose?

Insulin

Which hormones raise blood glucose?

Glucagon, adrenaline (epinephrine), cortisol

Where is insulin secreted from?

Pancreatic β-cells

Where is glucagon secreted from?

Pancreatic α-cells

How does insulin promote glucose uptake?

Stimulates GLUT4 translocation in muscle and adipose tissue

How does glucagon maintain blood glucose?

Stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver

What is the main effect of adrenaline on glucose metabolism?

Promotes glycogen breakdown in muscle and liver for “fight-or-flight”

What is the main effect of cortisol on glucose metabolism?

Stimulates gluconeogenesis and protein breakdown during stress

What is the fed state dominated by?

Insulin actions (glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, lipogenesis, protein synthesis)

What is the fasting state dominated by?

Glucagon actions (glycogen breakdown, gluconeogenesis, fat breakdown)