Exam 1 - Gen. Chem. 134

Li +

Li +

Lithium

Na +

Sodium

K+

Potassium

NH 4+

Ammonium

Mg 2+

Magnesium

Ca 2+

Calcium

Al 3+

Aluminum

Fe 2+

Iron (II)

Fe 3+

Iron ( III)

Cu +

Copper (I)

Cu 2+

Copper (II)

Sn 2+

Tin (II)

Sn 4+

Tin (IV)

Pb 2+

Lead (II)

PB 4+

Lead (IV)

F -

Fluoride

Cl-

Chloride

Br-

Bromide

I -

iodide

O 2-

Oxide

S 2-

Sulfide

N 3-

Nitride

P 3-

Phosphide

C 4-

Carbide

OH -

hydroxide

CH -

cyanide

NO 3-

Nitrate

CH3COO -

acetate

CO3 2-

carbon

SO 4 2-

sulfate

PO4 3-

phosphate

ClO4 -

perchlorate

ClO3 -

chlorate

ClO2 -

Chlorite

ClO -

hydroclorite

Extensive property

A property that depends on the amount of a given substance, such as mass.

Chemical property

A property that a substance displays only by changing its composition via a chemical change.

Conversion Factor

A fractional quantity with units we are converting from on the bottom and the units we are converting to on the top; can be constructed from any two quantities known to be equivalent.

Single bond

A chemical bond between 2 atoms involving 2 valence electrons.

Double bond

A covalent bond between 2 atoms involving four bonding electrons as opposed to 2 in a single bond.

Polar

a covalent molecule where the partial charge is distributed unevenly in 3-D space. Bonds can also be described as polar or nonpolar.n

Vector

A quantity that has both a magnitude and a direction

Cryogen

A substance that is a liquid with a boiling point (b.p.) below -160 degrees C. Two inert liquids are the most widely used are:
 Liquid N2(ℓ): b.p. = -196oC (77 K)
 Liquid He(ℓ): b.p. = -269oC (4.2 K

Degrees C

Celsius

K

Kelvin

Formula for Kelvin

K = degrees C + 273

triatomic molecule

a discrete covalent molecule consisting of three atoms that are alike (e.g., O3) or different (e.g., CO2 and H2O)

diatomic molecule

a discrete covalent molecule consisting of two atoms that are alike (e.g., N2) or different (e.g., CO)

Atom

a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element

Molecule

a discrete covalent element or compound containing two or atoms that are alike or different.

Combustion

an exothermic reaction in which a fuel plus O2(g) produce carbon dioxide, CO2(g), and water vapor, H2O(g). Combustion of fossil fuels is the major source of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, CO2(g).

Combustion formula

Fuel +02 (reactants) → CO2 + H20(products) + heat

Reactants

a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.

Products

a substance that is present at the end of a chemical reaction.

Exothermic Reactions

(heat) H < 0 → -243 kJ/mol

Steps for combustion

1. Balance C atoms

2. Balance H atoms

3. Balance O atoms

SI base unit - Length

Meter (m)

SI base unit- mass

Kilograms (kg)

SI base unit- Time

seconds (s)

SI base unit- electric current

ampere (A)

SI base unit- temperature

Kelvin (K)

SI base unit- Substance amount

mole (mol)

SI base unit- Light intensity

candela (cd)

celsius is the same is

centigrade

SI base Prefixes- Tera

1,000,000,000,000

standard for Tera

10^12

Symbol for tera

T

SI base Prefixes- giga

1,000,000,000

standard for for giga

10^9

symbol for giga

G

SI base Prefixes- Mega

1,000,000

standard form for mega

10^6

symbol for mega

M

SI base Prefixes- kilo

1,000

standard form for kilo

10³

symbol for kilo

k

SI base Prefixes-deci

0.1

standard form for deci

10^-1

symbol for deci

d

SI base Prefixes- centi

0.01

standard form for centi

10^-2

symbol for centi

c

SI base Prefixes- milli

0.001

standard form for milli

10^-3

symbol for milli

m

SI base Prefixes-micro

0.000001

standard form for micro

10^-6

symbol for micro

m

SI base Prefixes- nano

0.000000001

standard form for nano

10^-9

symbol for nano

n

SI base Prefixes- pico

0.000000000001

standard form for pico

10^-12

symbol for pico

p

water boils at what degree of Fahrenheit

212 degrees

water freezes at what degree of Fahrenheit

32 degrees

absolute zero for degrees Fahrenheit

-459.7 degrees

water boils at what degree of celsius

100 degrees

water freezes at what degree of celsius

0 degrees

absolute zero for celsius

-273.15 degrees