1.1-1.2 Aice Psych vocab

experiment

experiment

is an investigation looking for a cause-and-effect relationship in which an independent variable is manipulated and expected to be responsible for changes in the dependent variable

an independent variable (IV)

is the factor of the experiment that is manipulated to create two or more conditions (levels) and is expected to be responsible for changing the dependent variable.

A dependent variable (DV)

is the factor of the experiment which is measured and is expected to change under the influence of the V.

Extraneous variable

a variable which either acts randomly, affecting the DV in all levels of the IV or systematically.

Experimental condition

One or more situations in an experiment which represents different levels of the IV and are compared (or compared to a control condition).

Control condition

a level of the IV in an experiment from which the IV is absent. It is compared to one or more of the experimental conditions.

Caboratory Experiment

Conducted under controlled conditions, in which the researcher manipulates the Independent variable (IV) to measure the effects on the dependent variable (ISV).

Experimental Deign

Is the way in which participants are allocated to the levels of the IV (they can be allocated to multiple levels of the IV or Individually.

IMD

is an experimental design in which a different group of participants is used for each level of the IV (condition)

Demand Characteristics

features of the experimental situation that give away the aims.

Random allocation

a way to reduce the effect of confounding variables such as individual differences. Participants are put in each level of the IV such that each person has an equal chance of being in any condition.

Repeat Measures Designs

Is an experiment design where each participant preforms in every level of the IV.

Participant variables

term used to describe individual differences in participants (Ps) that could affect their behavior in the study

Order Effects

Are consequences of participating in a study more than once. Such consequence includes

Practice effect

Situation in which the performances of P'S Improve from doing the same task more than once

Fatigue Effect

When the performance of P's declines from repeating the same task multiple times.

Randomization

When Ps are randomly allocated to either Condition of the experiment.

Counterbalancing

Used to overcome order effects in a RMD passible levels of the IV is performed by a different subgroup of P's

Matched Pairs Design

Overcome problems associated with IMD and BMD. It is an experimental design in which p's are arranged into pairs

Standardization

keeping the procedure for each P in an experiment or interview) exactly the same to ensure that any difference between Ps or conditions are due to the variables under investigation rather than the differences in the way they were treated.

Reliability

The extent to which a produce, task or recurs, consistent, for example that it would produce the same results with the same people on each.

Validly

How a certain the researcher can be that they are rating what they claim to be testing

Field Experiment

an Investigation looking far a casual relationship in which an IVYs manipulated and to expected to be respond for changes in the dependent variable.

Generalize

Apply the findings of a study more widely to other settings and populations

Ecological validity

the extent in which the fining of research in one situation hour generalize to other situations.

Mundane Realism

How closely a research study resembles real life.

Natural Experiment

An investigation looking for a casual relationship in which the IV cannot be directly manipulated by the experimenter. Instead, the study the effects of an extorting difference or change. since the experimenter cannot manipulate the levels of the IV it is not a true experiment

uncontrolled variable

Confounding variable that may not have been identified and eliminated in an experiment which can confuse the routs.

Informed Consent

Knowing enough about a study to decide Whether or not you want to agree to participate

Right to withdraw

a P should know that can remove themselves, and their data, form the study is not invoked.

Privacy

Ps emotions and physical space should not be invaded.

Confidentiality

p's results and personal info should be Kept Safely and not released to anyone aside of the Study.