biology 3rd test but it isnt on quizlet bc quizlet sucks

Who is considered the father of genetics?

Gregor Mendel

Eye color, nose shape, hair color, flower color, plant height, etc., are all examples of an organisms characteristics. These characteristics are known as what?

Traits

What is Genetics the study of?

Study of the passing down of traits

What is inheritance?

Traits you inherit from your parents

What are gametes?

Sex cells, sperm and egg

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When a male gamete unites with a female gamete the process is called what?

Fertilization

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What is pollination?

The reproductive process of plants

What is pollen?

The male gamete of plants

What are hybrids?

A combination of two or more breeds

What is the law of dominance?

One of the alleles for a pair of inherited traits will be dominant and the other will be recessive, unless both alleles are recessive

What is the law of segregation?

Cells divide and only one chromosome, either x or y in males and x or x for females is passed on to the offspring

Genes are located where specifically?

On the arms of chromosomes

Different forms of a gene are called?

Alleles

The combination of alleles is called an organisms what?

Genotype

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During Meiosis what happens to homologous pairs of chromosomes?

The chromosomes cross over and are passed on to the offspring

An organism is said to be __________________ if its two alleles for a trait are the same?

Homozygous

If it has two different alleles for the same trait is it said to be ________________

Heterozygous

The trait that an organism displays is called its ____________________

Phenotype

If the offspring shows a blend of the traits from each parent, it's called ______________________________

Incomplete dominance

In this type of inheritance, if both of the parents traits are displayed in the offspring it's called ___________________

Codominance

When chromosomes in a pair have genes for the same trait arranged in the same order, they are known as what?

Homologous chromosomes

How many chromosomes are in human body cells?

46

How many chromosomes are in human gamete cells?

23

What is Mitosis?

Cell division; cells dividing to produce more cells

What is Meiosis? How many chromosomes are passed on to the new cells?

Cell division; one chromosome is passed on to the new cells

What is a diploid cell?

A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes

What is a haploid cell?

A cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes

When gamete cells fertilize the resulting cell is called a ______________

Zygote

What is a male gamete called in mammals?

Sperm cell

What is a female gamete called in mammals?

Egg cell

Is a zygote haploid or diploid?

Diploid

One pair of chromosomes determines the sex or gender of an individual. In males and females what are the sex chromosomes?

Males - x and y; females - x and x

Genes are made up of ___________________

DNA

What are the nitrogen base pairs that make of most of your DNA?

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine

Which nitrogenous bases pair together?

Adenine - Thymine; Guanine - Cytosine

The sequence of base pairs in DNA determines which proteins are built and how the cell behaves. These proteins determine the traits of an organism. Where are proteins made within the cell?

Ribosomes

What is the role of RNA?

Carries DNA copies to ribosomes

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Where are proteins made?

Ribosomes

Any abnormal change in the DNA sequence of an individual is called what?

Mutation

What is selective breeding?

A way to develop certain traits within plants or animals

What is the goal of selective breeding?

To genetically improve the heritable qualities of a population in a certain direction

What is hybridization?

The breeding of two or more animals or plants with different phenotypes and genotypes

What is inbreeding?

The breeding of two or more animals or plants with the same phenotype and genotype

What is a much faster way than selective breeding to change the heredity material of an organism?

Genetic engineering

Cloning is an example of how _____________________________________________________________ is being used in biotechnology.

Genetic engineering