CH. 2 Families of Carbon Compounds

1 Carbon

meth-

2 Carbons

Eth-

3 Carbons

Prop-

4 Carbons

But-

5 Carbons

Pent-

6 Carbon

Hex-

7 Carbon

Hept-

8 Carbon

Oct-

9 Carbon

Non-

10 Carbons

Dec-

Alkane

hydrocarbon with only single bonds

Alkene

a carbon-carbon double bond

Alkyne

a carbon-carbon triple bond

Arene/ Aromatic

6 ring with alternating double and single bonds

Phenyl Group

benzene ring attached to a parent compound

Benzyl Group

phenyl group+ methylene (-CH2)

Alkyl Halides

a carbon bonded to a halogen (Cl, Br, I or F)

Alcohol

a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a carbon; a hydroxyl group

Amine

nitrogen usually bonded to a carbon group or hydrogen

Nitrile

carbon triple bonded to nitrogen

Nitro

a (-NO2) group

Ether

an oxygen atom between two carbons

Acid chloride

contains a carbonyl (C=O) bonded to a chlorine atom

Aldehyde

a carbonyl (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen

Ketone

a carbonyl (C=O) bonded to two carbons

Carboxylic acid

a carbonyl (C=O) bonded to an -OH

Ester

a carbonyl (C=O) bonded to a carbon and an oxygen with a carbon

Amide

a carbonyl (C=O) bonded to an amine

Carboxylic acid anhydride

two carbonyls linked through an oxygen