Human Rights F.R.

who debates the efficacy of the ICC

Appel

how can the ICC deter governments from committing human rights violations by imposing … (APPEL)

costs that decrease expected payoffs

what does the ICC lack, which some argue limits its ability to actually prevent crimes (APPEL)

legal mandate and enforcement powers

how does Appel argue the ICC deters ratifiers from comitting violations (APPEL)

actual costs (e.g. imprisonment) but also domestic and international audience costs

what evidence is there that the ICC does work - governments that have ratified ____ have fewer rates of humans rights abuses (APPEL)

rome statute

what could you argue to counter the HR Rome statute argument

states that ratify less likely to commit abuses in the first place

what does Appel assume leaders care about (APPEL)

domestic support and international reputation

example of a government that lost domestic support after a massacre, effect on domestic support

guinean government 2009

who talks about the UDHR as a break in the development of human rights, disavowing alternative legacies

Emma MacKinnon

why is the UDHR different from the American/French rights declarations: it emphasises human rights as being … (MACKINNON)

international and universal

what does mackinnon say the UDHR was actively disavowing (MACKINNON)

rights declarations that anticolonial actors were trying to forward

what does MacKinnon say rights declarations serve as _____, constructing internal and external sovereignty (MACKINNON)

political space

what makes the UDHR a human rights document different from earlier traditions (MACKINNON)

emphasis on individual rights and refusal to use self-determination

who does the non-inclusion of the right to self-determination suggest is responsible for rights protection (MACKINNON)

governments

who questions whether the norm against torture is suffering a crisis of legitimacy atm in the US

mckeown

what bias does McKeown argue constructivist literature has suffered from (MCKEOWN)

a nice norm bias

when did debates over the legitimacy of the torture norm begin (MCKEOWN)

9/11

what did Bush and his administration reframe torture as, what does this make him (MCKEOWN)

necessary tool in war on terror, norm revisionist

rather than seeing norms as irreversibly internalized by states, how should we understand different norms (MCKEOWN)

more or less salient

Sikkink argues there is something ____ to HR norm that lead to their widespread acceptance by states

inheritance

what 2 levels can the de-internalization of norms take place on (MCKEOWN)

individual level and state level

in a 2004 poll, what percent of Americans accepted torture as acceptable in some cases

35%