multi engine 2b - calculating weight and balance

**basic empty weight**

%%standard empty weight%% + optional equipment

**standard empty weight**

* weight of the standard airplane
* full hydraulic fluid
* unusable fuel
* full oil

**useful load**

the difference between the %%**basic empty weight**%% and the %%**maximum ramp/take-off weight**%%

* includes:
* usable fuel
* the occupants of the airplane
* any baggage or cargo

payload

part of the useful load that a commercial operator could charge to carry:

* mail
* cargo
* passengers

\
crew and fuel are typically **not** considered part of the payload

**maximum zero-fuel weight**

the maximum weight that can be carried in the fuselage

* in smaller planes, simply **maximum weight** x **maximum flight load factor**

**maneuvering speed (Va)**

the speed at which you can use full, abrupt control movements without causing structural damage to the airframe

* varies with weight

**aerodynamic chord**

the distance from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the wing

**mean aerodynamic chord**

* the chord drawn through the geometric center of the planform of one wing
* expressed as a percentage to express the **cg location in transport category aircraft**
* convenience reference for weight and balance, as well as aerodynamic purposes

**leading edge mean aerodynamic chord (LEMAC)**

0% MAC

**trailing edge mean aerodynamic chord (TEMAC)**

100% MAC

where does the CG range typically fall in terms of MAC?

15% MAC and 37% MAC

weight shift formula

weight of cargo moved = distance cg moves

airplane weight = arm locations