Fundamentals of Amines and Amides

What is the amine functional group

NH₂

How to prepare an Amine from halogenoalkane

Heat

Excess NH₃ (ethanolic)

What is the classifaction as primary, secondary or tertiary amines based on

based on the number of carbons bonded directly to the nitrogen.

Primary - 1 carbon

Secondary - 2 carbons

Tertiary - 3 carbon

what is aromatic amine.

If a benzene is directly bonded to the nitrogen in an amine group

what is an aliphatic amine. 

if not benzene is directly bonded to the nitrogen in an amine group,

Ammine + Acyl Chloride

Amide

Ammine + Acid anhydride

Ammide

How ammides classifies

classify them based on the number of carbons bonded to the nitrogen.

Name ammine at end of chainf

root,ylamine

name tertiary ammine at end of chain

add approapate multiperler, root ylamine

name if ammine is not in the end of chain

root-an-position number-amine

lower prority group added to prefix as usual

what if ammine is not highest priorty

use prefix amino

name a primary amide

root-an - amide

naming a tertiary amide

group withot carbonyl group as subsituent

name of main chain add substient as pefix, with N before it, to show boned with nitrogen

name a teritary amide with identical substeints

add multiepr before perfix and inclued N,N before

name a tertiarty amide with diffrent substients

order substients in alphabetical order include N before each susbtient

what bond can Primary and secondary amines and amides form

can form hydrogen bonds to other primary and secondary amines and amides. This is because they have an N-H bond, with a lone pair on the nitrogen. 

what do all amides and amines form with water

all amines and amides can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules

solubility of amines amides

all amines and amides can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules

This means that small amines and amides are highly soluble in water; their solubility decreases as the size of the molecule increases.

why can amines act as nucelophiles and electrophiles

because amines have a lone pair of electrons,