3.3 - 3.5 Flashcards

These flashcards cover key concepts related to gender and sexual orientation, socialization, cognitive development, and language acquisition.

What is Gender?

A social construct involving roles, behaviors, and identities associated with being masculine, feminine, both, or neither.

What is Sex?

Biological traits (XX/XY chromosomes, hormones, anatomy) defining male, female, or intersex.

Visual Cliff Experiment

A test of depth perception in infants where a glass platform simulates a cliff.

Rooting Reflex

A reflex in newborns that promotes survival by leading them to seek nourishment.

Critical Period

A specific time frame in development when certain skills or abilities must be acquired.

Sensitive Period

A broader time window where learning is optimal, but skills can develop outside this period.

Depth Perception

The ability to perceive the distance of objects and relative size, which develops through experiences.

Motor Development

Refers to the progression of physical coordination and skill in children.

Socialization

The process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors expected by society.

Gender Socialization

The process through which society influences norms based on an individual's gender.

Sexual Orientation

The emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction one feels towards others.

Heterosexual

A sexual orientation characterized by attraction to the opposite sex.

Homosexual

A sexual orientation characterized by attraction to the same sex.

Bisexual

A sexual orientation characterized by attraction to both men and women.

Asexual

A sexual orientation where an individual does not experience sexual attraction to others.

Gender Diversity

The acknowledgment of a range of gender identities beyond just male and female.

Gender Norms

Cultural expectations and standards of behavior associated with a person's gender.

Biopsychosocial Theory

A comprehensive model that considers biological, psychological, and social factors.

Social-Cognitive Theory

A theory emphasizing the importance of observational learning and social influences on behavior.

Internal Conflict

Struggles within a person when their feelings or actions differ from societal expectations.

Scaffolding

The process of providing support to a learner to help them achieve tasks they cannot complete independently.

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

The gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance.

Cognitive Development

The development of thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making abilities across the lifespan.

Crystallized Intelligence

The ability to use learned knowledge and experience over time, typically remains stable.

Fluid Intelligence

The capacity to solve novel problems and learn new information, which may decline with age.

Dementia

A cognitive disorder characterized by decline in memory, thinking, and behavior.

Telegraphic Speech

Two- or three-word sentences that convey essential meaning, used in early language development.

Overgeneralization

The application of grammatical rules too broadly, often observed in early language learners.