DCUSH Semester 1 Final Exam Review

Which statement characterizes white Southerners in the antebellum South?

a. Most white Southerners did not own slaves.

b. The majority of whites considered themselves planters.

c. Most worked small farms with the help of only a few slaves.

d. The average white Southerner owned about twenty slaves.

a. Most white Southerners did not own slaves.

In his farewell address, President Washington spoke for a "unified body politic" and against

a. permanent alliances with foreign countries.

b. Federalist policies on manufacturing.

c. Republican tactics of governance.

d. popular presidents serving more than three terms in office.

a. permanent alliances with foreign countries.

Which event led to the end of the Revolutionary War at Yorktown?

a. The introduction of more sophisticated cannons

b. The French forces taking control of the Chesapeake

c. General Cornwall's cowardly retreat

d. Lafayette's arrival at Yorktown from the west

b. The French forces taking control of the Chesapeake

How do modern archaeologists study ancient peoples?

a. Modern archaeologists combine a variety of approaches.

b. They rely only on what they can learn from artifacts.

c. Modern archaeologists rely only on written documents.

d. They make an educated guess based on a specific natural environment.

a. Modern archaeologists combine a variety of approaches.

How did President Jackson respond to South Carolina's threat of nullification?

a. He sent armed ships to Charleston harbor.

b. He eliminated the tariff entirely.

c. He applauded South Carolina's assertion of states' rights.

d. He increased the tariff.

a. He sent armed ships to Charleston harbor.

The majority of poor white men in the South would agree on which statement?

a. Planter politicians should be overthrown.

b. Women workers deserved the same rights as men.

c. The South should promote agriculture.

d. The system of slavery benefited only the rich.

c. The South should promote agriculture.

Andrew Jackson set an important political precedent when he selected his cabinet by

a. appointing many of the same politicians as his predecessor.

b. excluding members of political factions that were not loyal to him.

c. choosing a bipartisan cabinet with members of both political parties.

d. including politicians who were more representative of the common people.

b. excluding members of political factions that were not loyal to him.

What caused the Seven Years' War?

a. Conflicts between New England and New France

b. French fur trapping along the Hudson River

c. A dispute between Indians and the French

d. Conflicts over territory in the Ohio Valley

d. Conflicts over territory in the Ohio Valley

Which colony was known as "the best poor Man's Country in the World"?

a. Rhode Island

b. Pennsylvania

c. New York

d. Massachusetts

b. Pennsylvania

What was a shared feature of all the state constitutions drawn up during the American Revolution?

a. A call for a strong centralized government

b. A governor with strong powers

c. Two houses: upper and lower

d. A commitment to republicanism

d. A commitment to republicanism

Most free blacks in the antebellum South

a. lived in cities.

b. lacked education.

c. worked as skilled laborers.

d. gradually assimilated into the rural white society.

b. lacked education.

The National Road, begun in 1806, was the only road sponsored by

a. a municipal government.

b. a state government.

c. the federal government.

d. private investment.

a. a municipal government.

What did Thomas Jefferson mean when he referred to his successful bid for the presidency in 1800as the "revolution of 1800?"

a. He would usher in an era of military spending to spread the revolution worldwide.

b. The American Revolution had not been complete until he won the presidency.

c. It represented a thorough yet peaceful repudiation of the Federalists.

d. Jefferson was astonished that Aaron Burr did not win the contest.

c. It represented a thorough yet peaceful repudiation of the Federalists.

In 1860, blacks made up a majority of the population in

a. Virginia.

b. Alabama.

c. South Carolina.

d. Georgia.

c. South Carolina.

How did Andrew Jackson and many of his followers hope to maximize economic opportunity?

a. They sought to support wealthy business owners in order to create more jobs.

b. Jackson wanted to implement a broad range of social programs.

c. They sought to impose higher income taxes on the rich.

d. Jackson wanted to end government support for business.

d. Jackson wanted to end government support for business.

Which factor contributed to a rift between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson during the 1790s?

a. Jefferson emphasized manufacturing development.

b. Hamilton opposed a strong federal government.

c. Hamilton admired the British.

d. Jefferson supported the commercial elite.

c. Hamilton admired the British.

The initial goal of the Second Continental Congress was to

a. elect a president of the Congress.

b. raise and supply an army.

c. declare independence immediately.

d. send the Continental army to Massachusetts.

b. raise and supply an army.

The Articles of Confederation were finally approved in 1781, when all the states agreed to surrender their

a. claims to western lands.

b. power to regulate trade.

c. power to declare war.

d. right to levy their own taxes.

a. claims to western lands.

By 1860, what percentage of the world's supply of cotton was produced in the southern United States?

a. 10 percent

b. 50 percent

c. 25 percent

d. 75 percent

d. 75 percent

Who supported the Wilmot Proviso?

a. Southerners who had concluded that slavery could not flourish in the West

b. Southerners who could not afford to relocate their plantations to the West

c. Northerners and Southerners who were morally opposed to slavery

d. Northerners who wanted to reserve new lands for white settlers

d. Northerners who wanted to reserve new lands for white settlers

As president, Andrew Jackson favored

a. a limited federal government with an Indian removal policy.

b. a strong government that expanded opportunities for all races.

c. a government that promoted economic development of America.

d. a powerful federal government that could shape people's lives.

a. a limited federal government with an Indian removal policy.

John Adams represented British captain Thomas Preston and his soldiers who were involved in the Boston Massacre

a. to please loyalist members of his family.

b. to show that local leaders supported British liberty and law.

c. to prove that the colonists had the upper hand.

d. to sabotage the trial by offering a poor defense for the soldiers.

b. to show that local leaders supported British liberty and law.

What was the Second Great Awakening?

a. A male-dominated religious movement

b. An offshoot of Catholicism

c. An outpouring of evangelical religious fervor

d. A temperance movement

c. An outpouring of evangelical religious fervor

How did the Stamp Act differ from the Sugar Act?

a. The Stamp Act was merely a revision of a previously existing tax.

b. The Stamp Act was an internal tax that affected a great number of colonists.

c. The Stamp Act was a tax that was to be paid mainly by merchants and shippers.

d. The Stamp Act was enforced by British instead of American officials.

b. The Stamp Act was an internal tax that affected a great number of colonists.

What did Jefferson suggest in his inaugural address?

a. Party politics was not the most important thing in American democracy.

b. Federal power should always trump state power.

c. The Republicans would undo all Federalist policies.

d. The Federalists were finished as a viable party in American politics.

a. Party politics was not the most important thing in American democracy.

Tecumseh responded to the many challenges facing Native Americans in the early republic by

a. practicing advanced agricultural techniques.

b. imitating whites' seemingly more successful way of life.

c. living a bitter life of alcoholism and depression.

d. proudly embracing Native American traditions.

d. proudly embracing Native American traditions.

In the fall of 1776, the British hired 8,000 Hessian mercenaries and

a. focused on protecting their holdings in Canada.

b. concentrated their military might in New York.

c. further swelled their ranks by emptying the jails in England.

d. brought in 10,000 additional troops from Scotland.

b. concentrated their military might in New York.

What was a consequence of the South's lack of economic diversity?

a. Southern governments increased the income tax.

b. Southern legislatures could not create banking systems.

c. The South was dependent upon the North for food products.

d. Newly arrived European immigrants tended to settle in the North.

d. Newly arrived European immigrants tended to settle in the North.

How did the institution of slavery affect social relations in the South?

a. Planters treated whites who owned no slaves as far inferior to themselves.

b. Whites were unified around race rather than divided by social class.

c. People who owned no slaves generally disapproved of the planters' practices.

d. Poor whites identified more with free blacks than with planters.

b. Whites were unified around race rather than divided by social class.

The Navigation Acts of the 1650s and 1660s were designed to regulate colonial trade in order to

a. tax the exports of New England and the middle colonies.

b. line the pockets of those sitting in the House of Lords.

c. ensure that all nations had equal access to American goods.

d. yield revenues for the crown and English merchants.

d. yield revenues for the crown and English merchants.

Burial mounds and chiefdoms are associated with which ancient Americans?

a. Great Basin peoples

b. Woodland peoples

c. Pacific Northwest peoples

d. Southwestern peoples

b. Woodland peoples

Spanish conquerors exploited which weakness of the Mexican empire?

a. The political leaders were beginning a democratic reform movement.

b. The Mexica relied too heavily on trade with neighboring cultures.

c. Diverse tribal factions were often in conflict with one another.

d. The empire's subjects did not see the Mexica as legitimate or fair rulers.

d. The empire's subjects did not see the Mexica as legitimate or fair rulers.

How did the Articles of Confederation incorporate the power of the states?

a. Five states had to approve war-making decisions.

b. All thirteen states had to approve routine decisions.

c. Each state had a single vote in Congress.

d. Nine states had to vote to amend the articles.

c. Each state had a single vote in Congress.

How did most Americans react to the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789?

a. Most Americans assumed that the United States would get involved.

b. They celebrated the overthrow of monarchy and privilege.

c. Most women came out in opposition to the French Revolution.

d. Most Americans feared the radicalism of the French Revolution.

b. They celebrated the overthrow of monarchy and privilege.

Christopher Columbus, like most educated Europeans, believed that

a. the earth was spherical and could therefore be circumnavigated.

b. the world was much larger than it actually was.

c. the world was flat, making circumnavigation impossible.

d. explorers would never reach the East Indies by sailing west.

a. the earth was spherical and could therefore be circumnavigated.

How did women in early-nineteenth-century Washington, D.C. play key roles in political circles?

a. By voting in unified blocks

b. By protesting unfair legislation

c. By influencing patronage

d. By controlling their husbands' economic affairs

c. By influencing patronage

Evidence indicates that before 1492, Native Americans

a. lived in peace and harmony with each other.

b. engaged in extensive religious conflicts.

c. endured constant ethnic conflicts.

d. practiced human sacrifice.

d. practiced human sacrifice.

A hallmark of the Jacksonian era was the common belief among Americans that

a. a single political party is the best route to efficient government.

b. the federal government can rationally solve all of the nation's problems.

c. people and societies can shape their own destinies.

d. equality for all is worth fighting for.

c. people and societies can shape their own destinies.

When Columbus first arrived in the New World, he believed he was in

a. St. Augustine.

b. Cuba.

c. the Caribbean.

d. the East Indies.

d. the East Indies.

What happened in Virginia after Bacon's death?

a. Royal officials nullified Bacon's Laws.

b. Tensions lessened between the servant and slave classes.

c. Indentured servitude ceased to exist in the colony.

d. Governor Berkeley and his loyalists returned to power.

a. Royal officials nullified Bacon's Laws.

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

a. provided for the creation of eight to ten new states.

b. required compulsory elementary education in each new township.

c. prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.

d. funded an exploratory party to locate the Northwest Passage.

c. prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.

What was President Washington's first reaction to the war between England and France that began in 1793?

a. He pledged American support for the British.

b. He pledged American support for the French.

c. He tried to negotiate peace between the two countries.

d. He issued a proclamation of neutrality.

d. He issued a proclamation of neutrality.

Who had to ratify the Constitution before it could go into effect?

a. The state legislatures of twelve states

b. Nine states in ratifying conventions

c. All thirteen states in ratifying conventions

d. A simple majority of the state legislatures

b. Nine states in ratifying conventions

In AD 1492, the empire of Mexica

a. traded peacefully with neighboring groups.

b. encompassed up to 25 million people.

c. possessed land roughly equal to that of Spain.

d. stretched from Brazil to Mexico.

b. encompassed up to 25 million people.

Who was responsible for passing tax bills under the Articles of Confederation?

a. The federal government

b. Local governments

c. State governments

d. The Continental Congress

c. State governments

How did President Adams attempt to avert a war with France in the fall of 1797?

a. He called for full-scale military preparedness to scare the French.

b. He advised American privateers to cease shipping to England.

c. He called for a boycott of English goods.

d. He sent three men to negotiate peace with France.

d. He sent three men to negotiate peace with France.

In 1776, members of the Continental Congress agreed that a federal government should have the power to

a. raise taxes.

b. punish criminals.

c. run a postal service.

d. overrule state law.

c. run a postal service.

What event convinced Andrew Jackson that John Quincy Adams became president as the result of a "corrupt bargain?"

a. Clay's letters to Adams were leaked to the press.

b. Adams only appointed his own supporters to cabinet positions.

c. A newspaper revealed that Adams had paid off Clay.

d. Adams made Clay his secretary of state.

d. Adams made Clay his secretary of state.

Why did Spain encourage immigration to its Louisiana territory after the Seven Years' War?

a. To keep out encroaching Americans

b. To fight the Indians who lived on the land

c. To work the large tobacco farms

d. To bring more slaveholders to the territory

a. To keep out encroaching Americans

Why did King George III seek to extract more money from the colonists?

a. King George thought the colonists should help pay England's war debt.

b. The King wanted to punish colonists who called for independence.

c. King George was displeased with the profits from colonial exports.

d. His policies were an extension of his aggressive personality.

a. King George thought the colonists should help pay England's war debt.

Which event brought Queen Isabella to the throne in 1474?

a. The success of the Spanish Inquisition

b. Her marriage to Ferdinand, King of Aragon

c. The death of her brother Henry

d. The death of her brother King John II

c. The death of her brother Henry

Which issue in the debate of 1849-1850 led to the Compromise of 1850?

a. The balance of power between the North and the South in Congress

b. Whether or not Congress should raise taxes on imports

c. Whether or not the nation should engage in civil war

d. Stricter interstate commerce regulations

a. The balance of power between the North and the South in Congress

By 1770, blacks made up what percentage of the southern population?

a. 15 percent

b. 40 percent

c. 90 percent

d. 75 percent

b. 40 percent

How did the United States react to the XYZ affair?

a. President Adams called for a boycott on trade with France.

b. Congress demanded that France abide by previous treaty agreements.

c. Congress launched an undeclared war with France.

d. President Adams chose to submit to Talleyrand's demands.

c. Congress launched an undeclared war with France.

When did corn become a food crop for Southwestern cultures?

a. AD 1492

b. 3500 BP

c. AD 1620

d. 6000 BP

b. 3500 BP

What did the Wilmot Proviso of 1846 propose?

a. Slavery would be prohibited throughout the entire area ceded by Mexico.

b. People living in the area ceded by Mexico could choose for themselves whether or not to permit slavery.

c. Slavery would be allowed to expand only into the area below the southern boundary of Missouri.

d. Any slaves taken in the area ceded by Mexico would be freed at age twenty-eight.

a. Slavery would be prohibited throughout the entire area ceded by Mexico.

Which statement describes the daily lives of southern women on the plantation?

a. They worked long hours performing plantation duties.

b. They were only responsible for educating their children.

c. Women's only responsibility was to bear children.

d. Elite women had few responsibilities.

a. They worked long hours performing plantation duties.

Who participated in the Whiskey Rebellion?

a. Grain farmers

b. City workers

c. Tavern keepers

d. Federalist merchants

a. Grain farmers

What led to Shays's Rebellion of 1786?

a. Massachusetts farmers resented increasing taxes.

b. Samuel Adams incited a riot in Boston.

c. Businesses could not meet creditors' terms.

d. Pennsylvania farmers could not pay their debt.

a. Massachusetts farmers resented increasing taxes.

What was the intent of the two Alien Acts passed by Congress?

a. To jail newly arrived French persons

b. To confiscate the property of French-Americans

c. To discourage all migrations to the United States

d. To harass French immigrants already in the United States

d. To harass French immigrants already in the United States

Who did Washington choose to be his secretary of the treasury?

a. Henry Knox

b. Alexander Hamilton

c. James Madison

d. Thomas Jefferson

b. Alexander Hamilton

The doctrine of nullification outlined by John C. Calhoun in response to the Tariff of Abominations argued that

a. states could declare null and void any federal tariff that raised duties above 35 percent.

b. the federal government could invalidate inappropriate statues enacted by state legislatures.

c. the Supreme Court must settle any dispute between the federal government and an individual state.

d. when Congress overstepped its powers, states had the right to nullify Congress's acts.

d. when Congress overstepped its powers, states had the right to nullify Congress's acts.

What was the Boston Massacre?

a. A mutiny aboard British ships carrying tea

b. A skirmish in which five people were killed

c. A riot that killed two hundred people

d. A confrontation, which left a customs official dead.

b. A skirmish in which five people were killed

Why was Portugal an unlikely nation to lead Europe into the Age of Exploration?

a. Portugal has less than 2 percent of the population of Christian Europe.

b. It was a landlocked nation that had shown little interest in expanding its borders.

c. The Catholic Church controlled the monarchy and resisted the idea of exploration.

d. Portugal lacked a strong leader who could initiate aggressive expansion.

a. Portugal had less than 2 percent of the population of Christian Europe.

New England Puritanism owed its religious roots to the

a. new Catholic doctrines of the fifteenth century.

b. schism between the Roman and Byzantine churches.

c. religious scriptures of the Mayflower Compact.

d. Protestant Reformation of the early sixteenth century.

d. Protestant Reformation of the early sixteenth century.

What was Henry Clay's "American System?"

a. A bill in Congress stipulating that only native-born Americans could occupy important government posts

b. A package of protective tariffs to promote manufacturing and federal expenditures for internal improvements

c. A program that revised the steps by which aliens might become naturalized U.S. citizens

d. A system of trade agreements with European nations stipulating that imports and exports must be made available in equal amounts

b. A package of protective tariffs to promote manufacturing and federal expenditures for internal improvements

How did the Boston church punish Anne Hutchinson?

a. Excommunication

b. A heavy fine

c. Probation

d. Execution

a. Excommunication

After having spent a great deal of time with Native Americans, Roger Williams believed

a. that Indian religion and culture was as good as that of the Puritans.

b. that all Indians should be converted to the Puritan faith.

c. English settlers had a legal right to take Indian-held land.

d. that Indian religion was evil and blasphemous.

a. that Indian religion and culture was as good as that of the Puritans.

How did steamboats disrupt the natural environment?

a. They frequently spilled toxic substances into the water.

b. They killed many different species of fish.

c. The need for fuel led to deforestation.

d. Their use of coal led to excessive mining.

c. The need for fuel led to deforestation.

What did the national government lack under the Articles of Confederation?

a. The ability to conduct foreign relations

b. A way to amend the articles

c. An executive and a judicial branch

d. The ability to raise money to finance the war

c. An executive and a judicial branch

What do the artifacts that have survived from the Paleo-Indian era suggest about the first Americans?

a. They developed permanent settlements along the Canadian Rockies.

b. They ate no plant foods.

c. They specialized in hunting big mammals.

d. They used bows and arrows to kill small animals.

c. They specialized in hunting big mammals.

When Europeans arrived in 1492, Native American cultures were

a. dying off due to lack of food and environmental problems.

b. characterized by an impressive level of similarity and unity.

c. divided into about twenty groups whose members shared cultural traits.

d. so varied that they defy easy and simple description.

d. so varied that they defy easy and simple description.

Which statement describes the effects of the first railroad lines in the United States?

a. Early railroad lines eliminated the need for canal transportation.

b. Railroads provided an efficient distribution system for goods.

c. Railroads did not monopolize travel because lines were too short.

d. The federal government increased its budget to sponsor railroad lines.

c. Railroads did not monopolize travel because lines were too short.

How did white Virginians respond to the violence of Nat Turner's rebellion?

a. Planters started to openly criticize the institution of slavery.

b. The legislatures passed laws to encourage more lenient treatment of slaves.

c. White Virginians blamed the revolt on outside agitators.

d. Many of them emancipated their slaves.

c. White Virginians blamed the revolt on outside agitators.

Why was the colonial economy in the eighteenth century unique?

a. The free population enjoyed a relatively high standard of living.

b. The majority of colonists were worse off than they had been in Europe.

c. A few colonists held the overwhelming majority of the wealth.

d. Almost all British colonists considered themselves wealthy.

a. The free population enjoyed a relatively high standard of living.

What document did Calhoun cite as precedent for the doctrine of nullification?

a. The Georgia Resolution of 1830

b. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798

c. The Force Bill of 1825

d. The Missouri Compromise of 1820

b. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798

Which crop turned Virginia into a stable colony?

a. Cotton

b. Tobacco

c. Rice

d. Corn

b. Tobacco

Why did American cotton production experience a boom in the late 1790s?

a. Northern farmers turned to growing cotton over wheat.

b. The improved canal system made transportation easier.

c. The invention of the cotton gin allowed greater production.

d. Wheat prices decreased dramatically on the export market.

c. The invention of the cotton gin allowed greater production.

What was the first state to ratify the Constitution?

a. Virginia

b. Massachusetts

c. New York

d. Delaware

d. Delaware

What was the infamous Trail of Tears?

a. A 1,200-mile forced march of Cherokees who were expelled from their land

b. The Cherokee trip home from Washington after a failed attempt to keep some of their land

c. A Cherokee ritual mourning the loss of hundreds of their people in an unprovoked massacre

d. The route taken by Cherokee warriors when they retreated after their defeat by the U.S. army

a. A 1,200-mile forced march of Cherokees who were expelled from their land

The election of 1828 saw which issue come to the forefront for the first time in a presidential campaign?

a. Slavery

b. Women's rights

c. The character of the candidates

d. The national bank

c. The character of the candidates

How did the Puritans view Quakers?

a. As welcome members of New England communities

b. As dangerous to the Puritan faith and social order

c. As wrongly persecuted fellow Christians

d. As valuable trading partners in their communities

b. As dangerous to the Puritan faith and social order

What did the colonists learn from the Seven Years' War?

a. British military discipline was far more brutal than they had expected.

b. Britain's leaders welcomed their participation in political and military affairs.

c. British soldiers expertly engaged in frontier warfare.

d. Great Britain saw increasingly little value in maintaining the American colonies.

a. British military discipline was far more brutal than they had expected.

Why did Spain introduce enconmienda?

a. To punish wrongdoers both in the colonies and in Spain

b. To allot a portion of New World wealth for the Catholic Church

c. To reward conquistadors with the tribute and labor of the Indians

d. To provide housing for the Indians who labored in the silver mines

c. To reward conquistadors with the tribute and labor of the Indians

What was John Adams's only official duty as vice president?

a. To preside over the Senate

b. To help assemble items for the budget

c. To tour the country on goodwill missions

d. To sit on on Supreme Court hearings

a. To preside over the Senate

What did southern men need in order to achieve high social standing and success in the world of politics?

a. A strong education from a reputable school

b. A reputation for using violence on their slaves

c. Connections to northern industry

d. An honorable reputation

d. An honorable reputation

In the 1790s, which state became the first to enfranchise all adult males?

a. Mississippi

b. Vermont

c. Massachusetts

d. Illinois

b. Vermont

What did Congress accomplish with the land ordinances of 1784 and 1785?

a. The ordinances set out a rectangular grid system for surveying land.

b. They specified that land would be sold first to people who owned no property.

c. The ordinances prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.

d. They established the Southwest Territory south of the Ohio River.

a. The ordinances set out a rectangular grid system for surveying land.

Why were canals an important innovation in the early nineteenth century?

a. Major canals connected the cities of the North to the farms of the South.

b. They allowed cheaper transport because boats could support heavier loads.

c. They provided speedier transport of merchandise than had been previously possible.

d. They were not dependent on the support of reluctant state governments.

b. They allowed cheaper transport because boats could support heavier loads.

Which issue dominated debate at the Constitutional Convention?

a. Whether or not slavery should be abolished

b. Whether or not presidential powers should be increased

c. How the government should regulate trade

d. How to balance the interests of large and small states

d. How to balance the interests of large and small states

How did his reelection in 1832 affect Jackson's view of the Bank of the United States?

a. His narrow victory convinced him to support the bank.

b. He hoped to let the original charter expire quietly in 1836.

c. He shut down the national bank and all state banks.

d. He ordered federal deposits removed from its vaults.

d. He ordered federal deposits removed from its vaults.

By 1860, the slave system existed

a. in almost every industry.

b. in rural but not urban areas.

c. only on farms.

d. exclusively on plantations.

a. in almost every industry.

Thomas Jefferson advised Washington that the Constitution prohibited which of Hamilton's economic programs?

a. The chartering of banks by Congress

b. The placement of an excise tax on whiskey

c. The passage of protective tariffs

d. Federal assumption of state debts

a. The chartering of banks by Congress

Bacon's rebelling erupted in 1676 as a dispute over Indian policy and ended as a conflict between

a. indentured servants and their masters.

b. the planter elite and small farmers.

c. Indians and the Virginia militia.

d. small farmers and newly freed servants.

b. the planter elite and small farmers.

Congress rejected which of Hamilton's economic programs?

a. The national bank

b. The import tariff

c. The assumption of state debts

d. The funding of bondholders

b. The import tariff

When did Paleo-Indians reach the southern tip of South America and complete their expansions into the Western Hemisphere?

a. Ten thousand years after their arrival in North America

b. Fifty years after their initial arrival in the Western Hemisphere

c. One thousand years after they first migrated to the Western Hemisphere

d. One hundred years after they arrived in South America

c. One thousand years after they first migrated to the Western Hemisphere

Which territory did the United States obtain from Spain in the Adams-Onís Treaty?

a. Louisiana

b. Florida

c. Minnesota

d. Missouri

b. Florida

What was a long-term consequence of the catastrophic bubonic plague in Europe?

a. The plague diminished religious enthusiasm.

b. The plague stimulated exploration for new marketplaces.

c. Most survivors faced starvation conditions.

d. The plague eliminated hope for social mobility.

b. The plague stimulated exploration for new marketplaces.

What effect did John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry have on the South?

a. It convinced the southern states that secession was necessary.

b. The raid indicated that abolitionists would use violence to overthrow slavery.

c. Brown's raid demonstrated the shortcomings of popular sovereignty.

d. The raid reassured Southerners about the safety of slavery.

b. The raid indicated that abolitionists would use violence to overthrow slavery.

In the 1769 presidential election, opponents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson

a. ran on the same party ticket.

b. had very similar political outlooks.

c. pledged to disband the electoral college.

d. ended up as president and vice president.

d. ended up as president and vice president.