Pre-AP World box notes 28-33

Scholar Gentry

an elite class of government officials, emerged from examinations

Neo Confucianism

response to Buddhism and Daoism – philosophy that the world is real and good comes from participation in it – not withdrawal

Samurai

“those who serve” emerged as a class to protect the security and property of their employers.

Powerful ones were called __**Daimyos**__ (heads of noble families) controlled land and didn’t pay taxes to the government

Political power __**decentralized**__ as powerful families all controlled their own armies

Daimyos

Powerful samurai that controlled land and didn’t pay taxes to the governement.

Shinto

Religion:  __**Shinto**__ “sacred way” linked the emperor to sun god  (__**Amaterasu**__)– believed him to be descended from divinity

Champa Rice

new strain that could be harvested more than once a year

Sui Dynasty

581 CE

Unified China after the fall of the Han Dynasty.

Grand Canal

Grand Canal

built that unified the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers – brought China together 

Tang Dynasty

618 CE

Emerged after the fall of the Sui Dynasty

Reestablished the Civil Service Exam

Scholar-Gentry

Neo Confucianism

Gunpowder and block printing.

Engaged with trade beyond China’s borders

Civil Service Exams

Reestablished by the Tang Dynasty. A test for government officials

Gunpowder and Block Printing

Invented by the Tang Dynasty

Song Dynasty

960 CE

Time of prosperity and achievement

Land reform led to an abundance of food

State investment in economic development (improvements in the Grand Canal) 

__**Champa Rice**__

Military weakness led to problems with Northern neighbors

After moving the capital south to __**Hangzhou,**__ they were overthrown by the Mongols in 1279 CE

Hangzhou

Southern capital of the Song Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

__**1279 - 1368 CE**__

* Period of Mongol power in China
* Established by Kublai Khan
* The Mongols never conquered Japan
* The Mongols adapted to Chinese customs
* The highest posts in government were reserved for Mongols
* __**Marco Polo**__ reported to Europe about their greatness

Kublai Khan

Established the Yuan Dynasty

Marco Polo

Reported to Europe about the greatness of the Yuan Dynasty

Yi Song-gye

Founded the Yi Dynasty after the fall of the Mongols

Nara Period

710-794 CE

Central government lost power and influence because local aristocrats kept tax money for themselves 

Heian Period

794-1185 CE

Powerful families dominated rural areas

Ameratsu/Amaterasu

Japanese sun god

Tale of Genji

early example of a novel