APUSH Unit 4 Quiz

Rise of a Democratic Society

Among the white majority in American society, people __shared a belief in the principle of equality__

* More precisely, equality of __opportunity for white males__

Politics of the Common Man

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* __**Universal Male Suffrage**__ - __all white males could vote__ regardless of their social class or religion; political offices could be held by people in the lower and middle ranks of society
* __**Party Nominating Conventions**__ - caucus were replaced by nominating __conventions__
* __**Popular Election of the President**__ - South Carolina used the old system, all other states allow the voters to choose a state’s slate of presidential electors
* __**Two-Party System**__ - campaigns for president now had to be conducted on a national scale; candidates needed large political parties
* __**Rise of Third Parties**__ - Anti-Masonic and Woringmen’s party reached out to groups of people who previously had shown little interest in politics
* __**Elected Offices**__ - much larger number of state and local officials were elected to office
* __**Popular Campaigning**__ - politics became a form of local entertainment; candidates would often resort to personal attacks and ignore the issues
* __**Spoils System & Rotation of Officeholders**__ - affirmed the democratic ideal that one man was as good as another and that ordinary Americans were capable of holding any gov. office

Difference between Caucus and Convention

* __Caucus__- a __closed-door meeting__ of a political party’s leaders in Congress
* __Conventions__- party politicians and voters would __gather in a large meeting hall__ to nominate the party’s candidates

Spoils System and Rotation of Officeholders

* __SS__- appointing people to __federal jobs__ whether they had actively __campaigned for the Democratic party__; one’s __not__ Democratic were __fired and replaced__
* __RoO__- limiting a person to __one term in office__ and __appointing__ deserving __Democrat in his place__

Election of 1824

Despite __Jackson winning more popular and electoral votes__ than any other candidates, he __lost to Adams__

* __Henry Clay__ used his __influence in the House__ to provide J.Q. Adams with enough votes to win the election

John Quincy Adams

Alienated Jackson's followers when he asked Congress for money for __internal improvements__, aid to __manufacturing__, and a __national university__ and an __astronomical observatory__

* __Satisfied northern manufacturers__ but __alienated southern planters__
* “__tariff of abominations__”

Andrew Jackson

Not only __dominated politics__ but also became a __symbol of the emerging working and middle class__

* __Representative of all the people__ and the protector of the common man __against abuses of power by the rich and privileged__
* __Aid of the common woman__ (Peggy O’Neale Eaton)
* Concept of democracy did not extend to American Indians __(Indian Removal Act)__
* __Favored states’ rights but not disunion__
* Attacked the bank by __withdrawing all federal funds,__ transferred the funds to __“pet banks”__
* __Specie Circular__: required that all future purchases of federal lands be made in species rather than in paper banknotes

Worcester v. Georgia

High court ruled that the __laws of Georgia had no force within Cherokee territory__

Nullification Crisis

1832, South Carolina increased tension by holding a special convention to __nullify__ both the __hated 1826 tariff and 1832 tariff__

* Passed a __resolution forbidding the collection of tariffs within the state__

Two Party System

__Democrats__:

* __Jackson__
* Limited gov.
* Free trade
* Opportunity for white males
* __No national bank or high tariffs__
* __South and West__

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__Whigs__:

* __Clay__
* __National bank__
* Internal improvements
* __Protective tariff__
* __New England and the Mid-Atlantic states__

Election of 1836

* __Whig strategy failed__
* __Van Buren__ took 58% of the electoral vote

Second Great Awakening

Caused __new divisions in society__ between the newer, evangelical sects and the older Protestant churches

* Timothy Dwight’s campus revivals motivated a generation of young men to become evangelical preachers
* Charles G. Finney preached that __every individual could be saved through faith and hard work__
* Peter Cartwright would travel and attract thousands to hear their dramatic preaching at outdoor revivals
* Widespread belief that the __world was about to end with the second coming of Jesus__
* __Mormons__ founded by Joseph Smith
* Active religious groups __provided both the leadership and the well-organized voluntary societies__ that drove the reform movements of the antebellum era

The Transcendentalists

Challenged the materialism of American society by suggesting that __artistic expression was more important than the pursuit of wealth__

* __Ralph Waldo Emerson__ argued for __self-reliance, independent thinking__, and the __primacy of spiritual matters over material ones__
* __Henry David Thoreau__ used observations of nature to __discover essential truths about life and the universe__
* __Brook Farm__
* Helped to create a __literature that was distinctively American__

Brook Farm

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\`Goal to achieve “a more __natural union between intellectual and manual labor”__

* __Community__ of people to live out the Transcendentalism ideal


* Atmosphere of __artistic creativity, innovative school,__ and __appeal__ to New England’s __intellectual elite and their children__

Temperance

Society tried to __persuade drinkers to take a pledge of total abstinence__

Cult of Domesticity

Idealization view of __women as moral leaders__

Seneca Falls Convention

__First women’s rights convention in American history__

* “Declaration of Sentiments” declared that “__all men and women are created equal__”
* Listed women’s __grievances against laws__ and __customs that discriminated against them__