Unit 9 - Globalization

1900 - present

Globalization

trade and tech make an interconnected world

• result in:

  • increasing lifespans, making energy more accessible, further connecting economy

Tech that solved issue of geographical distance

radio, TV, cellular, internet

Transportation tech

automobiles, railroads, air travel, shipping containers

Energy tech

• petroleum replaces coal increasing production

• nuclear power emits little pollution (alternative to fossil fuels)

Medical tech

• antibiotics - penicillin

• vaccines, birth control

Agriculture tech

• commercial farming (mass production)

• green revolution (GMO)

Diseases associated with poverty

• malaria: spread by mosquito

• tuberculosis: airborn

Epidemics and pandemics

• 1918 influenza pandemic (travel routes)

• HIV/AIDS

• Covid - 19

Diseases associated with aging

• lifespan increasing

• Alzheimer’s

• heart disease

Globalization land problems

• deforestation

  • urbanization - cities, urban sprawl

  • farmland

  • pollution, erosion

  • animal extinction

• desertification

  • land from fertile to infertile

Air and water problems

• decline in air quality - fossil fuels

• competition over fresh water supply

Climate change

• human or natural causes

• developed vs developing nations

Spread of free market ecnomics

• neoliberalism: free market policies, lowering trade policies

Economic liberalization

• Ronald Reagan - liberalizes US economy

• Margaret Thatcher - UK prime minister

• Augusto Pinochet - Chile president

Global economic institutions

• globalized economics

• knowledge workers (mind workers)

  • Finland, Japan

• manufacturing

  • international business

• World trade organization - regulator

• rise of multinational corporations

  • entity incorporated in one country but manufactures and sells goods in other countries (Nestle)

Regional trade agreements

• European Union

• Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Movements for human rights

• Universal declaration of human rights by UN

• United Nations 1st world conference on women

• Negritude movement

• liberation technology

Examples of greater access to education and politics

• women’s suffrage

• civil right’s act

• caste reservation system

Protests against globalization

• environmentalism

• green peace

• world fair trade organization

Effect of globalization on culture

• arts, entertainment, sports

  • reggae, K pop, hollywood, bollywood

  • Olympics

• consumer culture

  • advertising industry

  • global fast food brands

  • online retailers

Positive impacts of globalization

• economic growth

  • better living standards

  • healthcare (livespans)

  • education/literacy

• human rights

Brenton Woods conference

post WW2 stabilize and set world up for success

Global economic institutions

• World Bank

  • reconstruction of Europe

• International monetary fund

• both promoted free trade and kept the global currency values stable and free flowing

• ended up benefiting multi national corps

Resistance to cultural globalization

• China refuses social media

Institutions that developed in a globalized world

• UN

  • prevent war

  • facilitate cooperation

• general assembly

  • discuss and make policies

• security council

  • keep peace but power to veto