Introduction to Scientific Research

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary from the lecture on scientific research, including definitions related to methodologies, types of research, and cognitive processes in research design.

Scientific Method

A problem-solving approach formalized by Francis Bacon, influenced by Galilei and Copernicus.

Empirical Research

Research based on the scientific method that stems from observation and is objective if followed properly.

Hypothesis-Based Inquiry

An investigation that involves forming a hypothesis and testing it through experimentation.

Basic Research

Research meant for expanding knowledge without immediate practical application, answering 'What?, Why?, and How?'

Applied Research

Research aimed at developing practical solutions or improvements in quality of life.

Demonstration

An explanation of how something works, using models or visual aids, without requiring hypothesis testing.

Discovery-Based Investigation

A non-inquiry investigation relying on verifiable observations and measurements.

Collection

A group of specimens or samples categorized to show their scientific hierarchy or relationship.

Research Design

An action plan detailing how research objectives can be attained and how a problem can be addressed.

Convergent Thinking

A type of thinking that focuses on what is more useful and relevant based on logic.

Divergent Thinking

A type of thinking that uses imagination and goes beyond traditional ways of evaluating concepts.

Qualities of Empirical Research

Empirical research should be novel, exhibit originality, have a logical design, and provide verifiable results.

Iterate

To repeat a process to achieve a desired hypothesis or outcome.

Statistics

The branch of mathematics dealing with data collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation.

Experimental Research Design

A type of research design that includes random assignment to evaluate causal relationships.

Literature Survey

A method to explore existing research relevant to your problem or question.

Force-field Analysis

A method involving the discussion of both positive and negative forces affecting a proposed problem.

Assumption Reversal Method

A method used to address practical problems in engineering by reversing assumptions.

Crawford Slip Method

A brainstorming technique using slips of paper to gather ideas.