Physical Properties of Carbonyl Compounds

Why does b.p. increase with increasing carbon chain length?

no. of e- in the compound increases, causing id-id attractions between molecules to be stronger

Comparing to alcohols, why is there a diff in the b.p. btw carbonyl compounds and alcohols?

Alcohols have strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds (HB), while carbonyl compounds have weaker permanent dipole-permanent dipole attractions (pd-pd).

Therefore, alcohols have higher b.p. than aldehydes and ketones. (alcohols > carbonyl > alkenes)

What is the relationship between the length of the carbon chain and its solubility in water?

The shorter the carbon chain, the more soluble it is in water

Why is it that longer carbon chains (in carbonyl compounds) make them insoluble in water?

The non-polar character of aromatic and longer carbon chains make them insoluble in water (cannot form HB with water).

Why are carbonyl compounds soluble in water?

The lone pair of electrons present on the O atom can form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules.