What three biological polymers that are the main players in molecular biology?
DNA,RNA, and proteins
DNA, RNA, and proteins are the three _.
biological polymers that are the main players in molecular biology
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What three biological polymers that are the main players in molecular biology?
DNA,RNA, and proteins
DNA, RNA, and proteins are the three _.
biological polymers that are the main players in molecular biology
DNA and RNA are both what?
nucleic acids that are long polymers built of monomers called nucleotides
What are both nucleic acids that are long polymers built of monomers called nucleotides?
DNA and RNA
Each nucleotide has what three parts:
a phosphate group, a ring shaped sugar built of five carbons, and a nitrogen containing base
What has these three parts: a phosphate group, a ring shaped sugar built of five carbons, and a nitrogen containing base?
nucleotides
What are the five bases?
adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil are the five what?
bases
What base is only found in DNA
thymine
Thymine is only found in:
DNA
Uracil is only found in:
RNA
What base is only found in RNA?
uracil
What is DNA?
a double stranded molecule that looks like a twisted ladder, with alternating sugar and phosphate groups making up each side and paired bases forming its rungs
What is a double stranded molecule that looks like a twisted ladder, with alternating sugar and phosphate groups making up each side and paired bases forming its rungs?
DNA
What are the strands of DNA held together by?
hydrogen bonds between pairs of bases
What are held together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of bases?
strands of DNA
What are the base pairing rules?
Adenine to thymine and cytosine to guanine
The rules that state base pairs of adenine to thymine and cytosine to guanine are called what?
base pairing rules
What makes the two strands complementary-they fit together and are opposite of one another?
the base pairing rules
What does the base pairing rules make?
the two strands of DNA complementary-they fit together and are opposite of one another
How is DNA an information storing molecule?
The sequence of bases stores coded instructions for making all of the RNAs and proteins in an organism, although each cell can only make a small number of them at a time
What does this statement prove: the sequence of bases stored coded instructions for making all of the RNAs and proteins in an organism, although each cell can only make a small number of them at a time?
DNA is an information storing molecule
What is RNA?
a single-stranded molecule that takes information from DNA and uses this information to build proteins
What is a single stranded molecule that takes information from DNA and uses this information to build proteins?
RNA
What is Messenger RNA (mRNA)
a long polymer that is the complement of a gene
What is a long polymer that is the complement of a gene?
messenger RNA (mRNA)
mRNA does not have thymine, so it
matches uracil to adenine
Why does mRNA match uracil to adenine?
because it does not have thymine
Why does mRNA act as a link?
it is the template that carries the code for a protein from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What does mRNA act as because it is the template that carries the code for a protein from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm?
a link
What are transfer RNAs (tRNAs)?
folded molecules that bind to amino acids and bring them to ribosomes during protein synthesis
What are folded molecules that bind to amino acids and brings them to ribosomes during proteins synthesis?
transfer RNAs (tRNAs)
What does ribsomal RNA (rRNA) form?
one part of ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis
What forms one part of ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis?
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What are proteins?
polymers build out of a series of amino acids
What are polymers built out of a series of amino acids?
proteins
What does each amino acid have?
an amino group (NH2), carboxyl group (COOH), and a unique side chain
What each has an amino group (NH2), carboxyl group (COOH), and a unique side chain?
an amino acid
What forms between the amino and carboxyl groups to produce a polypeptide?
covalent polypeptide bonds
Where does covalent polypeptide bonds form?
between the amino and carboxyl groups to produce a polypeptide
What does each protein have?
a unique amino acid sequence which determines its three dimensional structure
What has a unique amino acid sequence which determines its three dimensional structure?
proteins
A protein’s function is dependent on?
the specific properties of its shape
What is dependent on the specific properties of its shape?
a protein’s function
What are examples of proteins?
enzymes, hormones, transport molecules, antibodies, or the structural components of cells and tissues
Enzymes, hormones, transport molecuels, antibodies, or the structural components of cells and tissues are examples of what?
proteins