Microorganisms, Infections, and Immunity - Flashcards

Flashcards about Microorganisms, Infections, and Immunity

What type of microorganisms are part of the human body?

Commensal microorganisms

What kind of microorganisms cause disease?

Pathogens

What structures provide barriers against infection?

Skin and mucous membranes

What process does the innate immune response produce at the site of infection?

Inflammation

Where is the adaptative immunity started?

In the secondary lymphatic tissues

Which system is better understood, adaptative or innate?

Adaptative immunity

Where do cells of the immune system come from?

Hematopoietic stem cells

What type of immunity is the spleen associate with?

Adaptative immunity in the blood

What are the specific receptors for the adaptive immunity?

Immunoglobulins and T cell receptors

What do B cells and T cells differentiate into?

Effector cells

What is the role of the complement?

Marks pathogens for destruction

How is the complement activated?

Via the alternative pathway

What do macrofages do against the microorganisms?

Fagocitosis

Which proteins forms a pore in the membrane?

Terminal complement proteins

What do antimicrobial peptides do?

Destroy pathogens

What do pentraxins do?

Bind to microorganisms and direct them to phagocytes

Which type of receptors transport macrophages?

Phagocitic and sign receptors

What does the recognition of LPS by TLR4 induces?

Changes in the gene expression of the macrophages

Activation of resident macrophages induces…

inflammation at the infection sites

Which receptors recognize bacterial degradation products?

NOD receptors

Inflamasomes' amplification increases…

the IL-1B production

What are the neutrophiles?

Specialized cells

What do inflammatory cytokines convene from the blood?

Neutrophiles

Inflammatory cytokines cause an increase in…

body temperature, activating the liver

What does the lectin pathway detect?

Mannose

What is related with the genetic variation of the Toll receptor?

Disease

What are plasmacytoid dentritic cells?

Factories of type 1 interferons

Which cells contribute to the innate immune response?

NK Lymphocytes

What is the function of the antibodies?

join to pathogens and provoke their inactivation or destruction

Where do most of the Lymphocyte presents?

Specialized lymphatic tissues

How is known the process in which neutrofils goes out of the blood?

Extravasation

Which interleukins can be found on a normal body temperature?

IL 1Beta, 6, 12, CXCL8 and TNF-alfa

When is the adaptative response seen?

After 4 days

What do SRA and SRB Receptors recognize?

Lipopolisacaridos and lopopeptides

What are the receptors that recruit immunity cells called?

Toll receptors

Can be B Lymphocytes modified for receptor edit?

Yes

Is the Thymus relevant for T Lymphocyte development?

Yes

Is the Thymus relevant for Lymphocyte recirculation?

No

Do T Lymphocytes have the same receptors as Immunoglobulins?

No

Mention three protein codes present in surface after T Lymphocyte development

CD3, CD4 and CD8

What is the use of the AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA?

it makes susceptible to infection

Antigenic determinant or epitope

is that fraction or part of the molecule what an antibody joins

Multivalent

any antigen that contains more than one epitope or more than one copy of the same

Linear epitopes

several amino acids in sequence of proteins

the body is cleared of extracellular pathogens and their toxins by means of..

antibodies

antibodies are produced by

B lymphocytes

antibodies can recognize

proteins and carbohydrates

antibodies are the best source of

protective immunity

antibodies are proteins very

variables

each antibody can only one bond to an

antigen

IgG

the most abundant in Lymph

In development, an individual B lymphocyte specializes in producing immunoglobulins of

only one antigenic specificity

Anergia

development arrest state

Two signals needed to activate a Lymphocyte T

Antigen and a Co-Stimulatory Receptor

what cell does the Lymphocite 8CD connect to help with response to infections?

Lymphocite TCD4

For RAG genes to recombine is essential

two subunits of recombinase that are produced only by lymphocytes

genes RAG lack

introns