Music Appreciation Exam 1

Chapters 1-3

What is the organization of a music in time or the beat called?

Rhythm

What is two or more notes heard simultaneously to create chords called?

Harmony

Which section of a song typically contains the “hook” and is repeated multiple times?

Chorus

What genre is considered the first true American musical genre, known for syncopation and cakewalks?

Ragtime

James Bland was the first commercially successful songwriter of which background?

African American

Which early blues composer was called the “Father of Blues” and helped spark the “blues craze”?

W.C. Handy

What early American entertainment form is considered the first truly “American” music?

Minstrelsy

Which songwriter is credited with “Puttin on the Rtiz” and “White Christmas”

Irving Berlin

What is the definition of a melody?

A linear succession of musical tones

What was the unofficial anthem of the Confederacy, written by Dan Emmett?

Dixie Land

What was the purpose of “song pluggers” in TPA

To promote and perform new songs

The song “Zip Coon” survives today as which well-known fiddle tune?

Turkey in the Straw

What organization was created in 1914 to recover royalties for copyrighted music?

ASCAP

Which 19th-century composer is known as the “Father of American Music”

Stephen Foster

Who was known as the “King of Ragtime”

Scott Joplin

Who was the first major blackface performer known for the “Jim Crow” character

Thomas Dartmouth Rice

What type of entertainment replaced minstrelsy after the Civil War and marked the start of popular entertainment industry?

Vaudeville

What is a series of lyrics that tell the main story of a song?

Verse

What differs from the chorus and verses? New melody, harmonies, and lyrics

Bridge

What was the first truly “American” music

Minstrelsy

Who was considered the “Father of American Music”

Stephen Foster

What was the first successful form of sound recording?

The Gramophone

Who was America’s Trubadore?

Irving Berline

Who was James Reese Europe

African American band leader and composer

In the 1920s, what was the music of whites and upper class?

TPA and sometimes Jazz

In the 1920s, what were the genres for the blacks and lower class?

blues, jazz, and country

What term did record companies use in the 1920s to categorize music by African American artists?

Race

What musical structure is commonly associated with urban/classic blues

12 bar blues with AAB rhythm scheme

What recording by Mamie Smith marked a turning point for African American artists in the blues genre

Crazy Blues

What title was Bessie Smith known by

Empress of the Blues

Which blues artist is associated with the legend of selling his soul devil

Robert Johnson

Where did Jazz originate

New Orleans

What group recorded the first jazz record in 1917

Original Dixie Jass Band

Louis Armstrong is credited with shifting Jazz’s focus from group improv to what

Solo performances

What made Duke Ellingtons orchestra sound distinctive

Writing parts for specific players

What dance band leader was known as the King of Jazz

Paul Whiteman

What style of music is associated with large orchestras, call and response between sections and walking bass

Swing

Who was considered the first real country music star

Jimmie Rodgers

What Nashville radio show became the longest running program in US history and helped promote country music

The Grande Ole Opry

What innovation in the 30s helped revive the record industry by offering better sound and lower prices

Electrical recording

Why was BMI formed in 1940

To compete with ASCAP and represent music excluded from their catalog

Who was the first African American disc jockey?

Jack L. Cooper

What was a major reason for the decline of live radio performances in favor of recorded music?

Great Depression cost-saving measures

What Impact did the 1942 AFM strike have

It led to royalty payments on record sales

Who is known for pioneering scatting and winning 14 Grammys?

Ella Fitzgerald

Which vocalist became famous for crooning

Frank Sinatra

What did the term R&B replace in 1949

Race

Which record label became known for both R&B and C&W and encouraged artists to cover each other’s songs?

King records

What was Muddy Waters’ primary contribution to music?

Popularized electric Delta Blues

What 1946 Louis Jordan song helped transition rhythm and blues into rock n roll with its shuffle beat?

“Choo Choo Ch’Boogie”

What major tech advantage in the late 1940s allowed for longer, higher-quality recordings

Magnetic tape recording

What innovation gave teens private access to their music, shaping youth culture in the 50s

Transistor radios

What was Alan Freed’s famous R&B radio show called

Moon Dog House Rock n Roll Party

Which female artist became Atlantic Records first major star with hits like “Mama, He treats your daughter mean”

Ruth Brown

What were the benefits of magnetic tape recording?

Less expensive than wire recording, allowed multiple songs on one tape so more bang for your buck

Benefits of the long-playing (LP) record

Allowed for more playing time and had a beautiful sound quality

What genre was the main part of independent DJs sucess?

R&B

Al Benson

Very popular R&B DJ in Chicago

Who was the most famous R&B DJ

Alan Freed