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NR224_Unit_2_Vital_sign_and_mobility
NR224_Unit_2_Vital_sign_and_mobility
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54 Terms
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Pulse
The rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is pumped through it.
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Vital Signs
Measurements of the body's most basic functions, including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure.
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Normal Pulse Range
60 to 100 beats per minute, strong and regular.
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Temperature Range
Average temperature range of 36° to 38° C (96.8° to 100.4° F).
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Respirations (Adults)
12 to 20 breaths per minute, deep and regular.
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Pulse Oximetry (SpO2)
Measures the oxygen saturation in the blood, normal value is SpO2 ≥ 95%.
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Blood Pressure
The pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels, measured in mm Hg.
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Systolic Blood Pressure
The pressure in the arteries when the heart beats, normal value is around 120 mm Hg.
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Diastolic Blood Pressure
The pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats, normal value is around 80 mm Hg.
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Pulse Pressure
The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure, typically 30 to 50 mm Hg.
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Hypothalamus
The part of the brain that helps regulate body temperature.
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Heat Loss: Radiation
Heat transferred between objects without direct contact.
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Heat Loss: Conduction
Heat transferred through direct contact between materials.
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Heat Loss: Convection
Heat transferred away from the body through air movement.
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Heat Loss: Evaporation
The process of heat transfer when a liquid turns into a gas.
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Factors Affecting Body Temperature
Age, gender, hormone levels, exercise, circadian rhythm, stress, environmental temperature.
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Core Body Temperature
The temperature of deep tissues in the body, maintained relatively constant.
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Axillary Temperature
Temperature measured in the armpit, normal value is approximately 36.5° C (97.7° F).
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Rectal Temperature
Temperature measured in the rectum, typically higher than oral readings at 37.5° C (99.5° F).
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Mercury Thermometer
A type of thermometer that is no longer used due to health risks.
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Tympanic Thermometer
Measures core body temperature non-invasively from the ear.
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Chemical Dot Thermometer
Plastic strips with a temperature sensor helpful for young patients.
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Pulse Rate Calculation
Number of pulsing beats in 30 seconds multiplied by 2.
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Dysrhythmia
An abnormal rhythm in heartbeats.
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Bradypnea
A slow respiratory rate of fewer than 12 breaths per minute.
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Tachypnea
A rapid respiratory rate of more than 20 breaths per minute.
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Hypertension
Consistently high blood pressure.
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Orthostatic Hypotension
A drop in blood pressure when standing up, causing symptoms.
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Korotkoff Sounds
Sounds heard during blood pressure measurement indicating phases of cardiac function.
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SCDs
Sequential compression devices used to promote circulation in immobile patients.
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Assistive Device
Equipment used to aid patients in mobility, such as canes and walkers.
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Gait Belt
A belt used to provide support and stability to clients during ambulation.
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Restraint Documentation
Records must be kept for each restraint applied, including assessments and patient responses.
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Preventive Interventions
Actions taken to avoid complications from immobility, such as repositioning and hydration.
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Atelectasis
A condition in which air sacs in the lungs collapse, often due to immobility.
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Hypostatic Pneumonia
Lung inflammation caused by retention of pulmonary secretions.
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Passive Range of Motion (ROM)
Movements performed by a caregiver to preserve joint flexibility.
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Supine Position
Lying flat on the back, often used for examination.
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Fowler’s Position
A seated position with the head elevated to facilitate breathing and comfort.
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Trendelenburg Position
Supine position with the legs elevated, used in cases of hypotension.
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Restraint Assessment
The evaluation of a patient's condition and need for restraints.
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Client Cooperation
The patient's level of willingness to participate in assessment and care.
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Weight-Bearing Capability
The ability of a patient to bear weight on their legs.
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Range of Motion Exercises
Exercises to improve flexibility and strength in joints.
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Assistive Devices for Mobility
Tools such as walkers, canes, and crutches that aid in ambulation.
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Orthopneic Position
Sitting position that allows for easier breathing, often used by patients with respiratory distress.
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Cardiovascular Assessment
Evaluation of heart and blood vessel performance, including blood pressure.
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Evaporation in Temperature Control
The body's mechanism to dissipate heat through sweat.
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Weight Shifting
Moving one’s weight from one side to another to reduce pressure points.
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Mobility Assessment
Evaluation of a client's movement capabilities and limitations.
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Integumentary System Responses
Skin changes due to immobility including pressure injuries and decreased turgor.
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Nursing Diagnosis
A clinical judgement about individual, family, or community responses to actual or potential health problems.
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Psychological Complications of Immobility
Effects on mental health such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive confusion.
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Fluid Intake and Urinary Function
Managing hydration to prevent renal calculi and urinary infections in immobilized patients.
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