Unit 7 Vocabulary Terminology

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Unit 7.

Monroe Doctrine

Warned European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.

Queen Liliuokalani

The last sovereign monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom, ruling from January 29, 1891, until January 17, 1893.

Darwinism

A theory of biological evolution developed by Charles Darwin, stating that all species arise and develop through natural selection.

Jingoism

Extreme patriotism in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign policy.

Cuban Revolt

The Cuban War of Independence, fought from 1895 to 1898 against Spain.

Yellow Journalism

Journalism based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration.

De Lome Letter

A letter that revealed the Spanish Foreign Minister's opinion about the US President McKinley’s diplomacy.

Teller Amendment

An amendment to the U.S. declaration of war against Spain, proclaiming no permanent U.S. control over Cuba.

Rough Riders

The First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry led by Theodore Roosevelt.

Platt Amendment

A treaty that aimed to protect Cuba's independence from foreign intervention.

Open Door Policy

A policy initiated by the U.S. for the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China.

Boxer Rebellion

An anti-foreign and anti-colonial uprising in China between 1899 and 1901.

Big Stick Policy

A policy asserted by Theodore Roosevelt that emphasized U.S. dominance.

Roosevelt Corollary

Stated the U.S. responsibility to preserve order in the Western Hemisphere.

Russo-Japanese War

A war between Japan and Russia over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria from 1904 to 1905.

William Howard Taft

The 27th president of the U.S. and the only person to also serve as Chief Justice.

Woodrow Wilson

The 28th president of the U.S., serving during World War I.

Pancho Villa

A general in the Mexican Revolution known for his pivotal role in the revolutionary movement.

Ida Tarbell

An investigative journalist known for exposing illegal practices in the oil industry.

17th Amendment

Provided for the direct popular election of U.S. senators.

Lochner v. New York

A Supreme Court ruling that declared a law limiting baker's working hours unconstitutional.

Muller v. Oregon

A landmark decision providing women with lesser work-hours than allotted to men.

Square Deal

The domestic program of Theodore Roosevelt reflecting goals of conservation, control of corporations, and consumer protection.

Mann-Elkins Act

A law strengthening the Interstate Commerce Commission's authority over railroad rates.

The Jungle

A novel by Upton Sinclair exposing unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry.

Pure Food and Drug Act

A 1906 law prohibiting the sale of misbranded or adulterated food and drugs.

Meat Inspection Act

A 1906 law ensuring sanitary slaughtering and processing of livestock.

Eugene V. Debs

A Socialist leader and five-time presidential candidate, known for organizing the Social Democratic Party.

Bull Moose Party

A progressive party promising increased federal regulation and welfare protection.

Clayton Antitrust Act

Prevented unfair competition methods and legalized strikes and labor unions under federal law.

Federal Trade Commission

An independent agency enforcing civil antitrust law and promoting consumer protection.

Child Labor Act

Banned the sale of products from factories employing children under 14.

Booker T. Washington

Founded Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, advocating for African American education.

W.E.B. Du Bois

The first Black American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard, a leading civil rights activist.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, created to combat segregation and discrimination.

Alice Paul

An activist who helped secure passage of the 19th Amendment, granting women the right to vote.

19th Amendment

Granted women the right to vote in the United States.

Allied Powers

A coalition of countries including the U.K., France, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the U.S. during WWI.

Central Powers

Coalition consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria during WWI.

Lusitania

A British-owned steamship sunk by a German U-boat, killing 1,195, including Americans.

Zimmerman Telegram

A note that contributed to the U.S. decision to enter World War I.

Fourteen Points

Wilson’s plan to undermine the Central Powers and inspire Allies for victory.

Big Four

The leaders from the U.K., Italy, France, and the U.S. during WWI negotiations.

League of Nations

An international organization created after WWI to resolve disputes.

National War Labor Board

Established in 1918 to intervene in labor disputes.

Liberty Bonds

War bonds sold in the U.S. supporting the Allied cause in WWI.

Schenck v. US

A Supreme Court decision on the enforcement of the Espionage Act during WWI.

Palmer Raids

Raids conducted to capture and deport suspected radicals from the U.S.

Charles Lindberg

The first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.

Scopes Trial

A legal case involving a teacher accused of violating a law against teaching evolution.

Al Capone

An infamous gangster known for his role during the Prohibition era.

21st Amendment

Repealed the 18th Amendment, ending Prohibition.

Ku Klux Klan

A hate group aiming to suppress Black rights post-Civil War.

Ernest Hemingway

A noted American novelist awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Sigmund Freud

The founder of psychoanalysis and a prominent neurologist.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural revival of African American art, music, and literature in the 1920s and 1930s.

Marcus Garvey

Founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and a proponent of Black nationalism.

Teapot Dome

A bribery scandal during the Harding administration involving oil reserves.

Black Tuesday

The day the stock market crashed in 1929, marking the start of the Great Depression.

Federal Reserve

The central banking system of the United States.

Herbert Hoover

31st president of the U.S., overseeing the start of the Great Depression.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

President during the Great Depression who implemented the New Deal.

New Deal

A series of programs enacted in response to the Great Depression.

Tennessee Valley Authority

Established to provide jobs and electricity during the Great Depression.

Dust Bowl

A period of severe dust storms damaging agriculture in the 1930s.

The Grapes of Wrath

A novel by John Steinbeck about the Great Depression, awarded the National Book Award.

Mary McLeod Bethune

An educator and advisor who laid groundwork for the civil rights movement.

Benito Mussolini

An Italian dictator who founded the National Fascist Party.

Axis Powers

Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.

Adolf Hitler

The dictator of Germany responsible for the Holocaust.

Blitzkrieg

A method of warfare emphasizing rapid, coordinated attacks.

Lend-Lease Act

Allowed the U.S. to provide military aid to foreign nations during WWII.

Pearl Harbor

The site of Japan's attack on the U.S. that led to American entry into WWII.

Manhattan Project

The secret U.S. initiative to develop atomic weapons during WWII.

Korematsu v. US

A Supreme Court decision upholding the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII.

D-Day

The Allied invasion of Normandy, marking a critical point in WWII.

Holocaust

The genocide of Jews during WWII.

Atomic bomb

A nuclear weapon developed during WWII.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

34th president and Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe during WWII.

Douglas MacArthur

A prominent U.S. military leader during WWII.