geog - changing economic world

They literacy rate in LICs, and eu countries

LIC: 40-50% EU:99%

Disadvantages of measuring literacy rate

Carrying out surveys in rural areas, areas of conflicts + squatter settlements is difficult

Definition of infant mortality rate

No. Of deaths of children under a year of age per 1,000 live births

Infant mortality rate in UK and Somalia

UK: 4 deaths per 1000 Somalia :93 per 1000 (2018)

Disadvantages of infant mortality rate

Not all infant deaths are recorded. Official data may be underestimated

Life expectancy in NEEs, LICs and HICs

NEE:65-75 LIC:50(chad 2018) HIC: 75+

Why are some measurements of development unreliable

Rapid migration, it is hard to know. Some African countries do not include earnings from entertainment , meaning that they have under estimated their economy

Causes of uneven development - pest and diseases

People won’t be able to work, therefore, they can’t provide for their families. Pests ( like locusts) could limit farming produce, which would result to less profit, therefore, damaging the economy

Causes of uneven development - landlocked countries

They can’t seaborne trade, which stunts economic growth. Could also lead to water scarcity

Causes of uneven development - poverty

Poverty cylce is difficult to get out of, there is a low life expectancy when one is in poverty, meaning that they can’t work for long, stunting economic growth. 1 in 5 children live in poverty. There is also water poverty, people could be travelling miles to get to water, meaning that they don’t spend as much time working.

How many people in the world have water poverty?

780 million

Consequences of uneven development - LICs are dependent on HICs and NEEs

LICS may try and improve healthcare, meaning that they have to borrow from other countries, causing them to become in debt to these countries. Civil war and low income has left healthcare services underfunded

Consequences of uneven development - migration

Some migration is voluntary, some may be forced out due to civil war. This leaves a brain drain, meaning that the qualified and skilled workers are leaving the country to find better opportunities ( digital development )leaving the country with less skilful workers.

when was the civil war in the Middle East and what were the consequences of it?

2011.470,000 dead , 11.5% of Syria’s population. 4 million fled the country to temporary camps in Turkey

Accepting migrants - Germany

2015.Announced that they would process safety asylum claims for anyone that reached Germany. 1.1 million migrants entered Germany

economic migration to the Uk

In 2004, 1.5 million economic migrants entered the uk ( 2/3 are Polish ). Migrants pay tax, which boosts the economy. They put pressure on services and will do jobs that people don’t want to do, they are prepared to work hard to get an income