Metabolism

Exercise Physiology

What are the 2 kinds of anaerobic metabolism?

Alactic and Lactic

What does alactic metabolism need as fuel?

ATP and CP

What does lactic metabolism need as fuel?

Glucose and Glygogen

What does our body use first - glycogen or glucose?

Glycogen b/c in muscles and glucose is in the liver

Where in body is glycogen stored?

Muscles

Where in body is glucose stored?

Liver

ATP Hydrolysis

One step! ATP is broken down into ADP & phosphate, releasing energy.

Anaerobic

Oxygen requiring energy reactions

Aerobic

Energy reactions generate energy rapidly w/o oxygen.

What kind of reaction is glycolysis?

Anaerobic

What kind of reaction is the Kreb’s cycle?

Aerobic

Phosphorylase

Converts glycogen to glucose-1-pphosphate and vise versa.

Hexokinase

Turns glucose into glucose-6-phosphate

Phosphofructokinase

Rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis

Vitamin B’s

Source of FADH and FADs

Percentage of energy usage for heat and muscle contractions

60% energy

40% muscles

Endergonic Reaction

Chemical process that stores and absorbs energy.

• Represent uphill process, increase in free energy for biologic work

Exergonic Reaction

Any physical or chemical process that releases energy to its surroundings.  

• Represents downhill process, produce decline in free energy

• ATP hydrolysis

Energy Systems in Muscle

Glycolysis

Glycogenolysis

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transfer Train

Beta Oxidation

What type of system is ATP hydrolysis?

Exergonic; releases energy

At rest, deamination provides % energy. With prolonged exercise it can provide_%

<5% and ~20%

Glycolysis

Breakdown of glucose

Anaerobic

2 ATP

Glycogenolysis

Breakdown of glycogen

Anaerobic

3ATP

Krebs Cycle

Production of ATP, NADH & FADH

Aerobic

38 or 39 ATP

Glucose or glycogen

Electron Transfer Chain

Production of ATP by electrons

Includes Oxidative phosphorylation

Beta Oxidation

Breakdown of fatty acids

How is protein used in runners vs body builders?

Runners - makes enzyme

Body builders - makes myosin and actin

Deamination

Removal of amine group from amino acid, with remaining carbon converting to carbohydrate or lipid or used for energy.

Transamination

Protein synthesis - endergonic

Makes structure and enzymes

Hitting the Wall: Glucose vs Glycogen

Glucose: Brain shuts down to conserves energy, look like zombie and poop pants

Glycogen: Muscles cramp up and fatigue sets in, fall over

Phosphocreatine (Pcr)

Provides some energy for ATP synthesis