Biology: Human Skeleton, Digestive, Circulatory, and Reproductive Systems

Skull

Provide protection enclosure for brain, central location for sensory organs

Mandible

Provides ability to open and close mouth

Cervical vertebrae

Collectively form neck

Atlas

Connects head, up and down motion of head

Axis

Side to side motion of head

Thoracic vertebrae

Vertebrae to which ribs connect

Sacral vertebrae

Attachment point for pelvis

Lumbar vertebrae

Forms the lower back

Caudal vertebrae

Forms tail

Humerus

Bone making up the proximal forelimb segment

Ulna

One of two bones in the distal forelimb segment

Radius

One of two bones in the distal forelimb segment

Femur

Proximal segment in hindlimb bone

Tibia

One of two bones in distal hindlimb segment

Fibula

One of two bones in distal hindlimb segment

Scapula

Shoulder blade, connects humerus with clavicle

Ribs and sternum

Protective basket for heart and lungs, maintains structure of thoracic cavity

Incisors and molars

Tearing and mastication

Tongue

Intraoral transport and swallowing

Esophagus

Food travels from mouth to stomach

Liver

Secretes bile to break down fats

Stomach

Storage compartment and chemical digestion

Small intestine

Uptake of nutrients and further chemical breakdown

Pancreas

Secretes digestive enzymes (lipase, amylase, pepsin) to break down macromolecules

Cecum

Houses microbes that aid in breakdown of cellulose

Large intestine

Water and some remaining nutrients absorbed

Rectum

Where solid waste is stored before going into anus

Anus

Where solid waste leaves digestive system

Heart

Pumps blood through circulatory system

Trachea

Airway that carries air to and from the lungs

Bronchi

Branches of trachea that funnel air into lungs

Lung

Facilitates gas exchange

Diaphragm

Separates chest from abdomen and moves down when inhaling, up when exhaling

Ureter

Transports urine from kidney to bladder

Urinary bladder

Stores urine

Kidneys

Filters blood to reabsorb nutrients and remove waste

Urethra

Tube that carries urine from bladder to exit the body

Vas deferens

Transport sperm from epididymis to urethra

Testis

Produces sperm and testosterone

Epididymis

Stores sperm

Ovary

Produces eggs and female hormone