Ch7- Orthopedics and Skeletal System (GENERAL)

orth/o

straight

ped/o

child

-ics

knowledge/practice

Skeletal System function

To provide structural support to the body

Axial Skeleton

(Rib cage, sternum, skull, neck, chest), central structure around which other parts move.

Appendicular

Limbs (Shoulder, arm, hip, leg, bones)

Structure of a bone

• A long bone has a diaphysis (shaft) and epiphyses (ends).

• Inside has a dense cortical bone.

• Yellow marrow in medullary cavity

oste/o and osse/o

bone

sarc/o

connective tissue

chondr/o

cartilage

-oma

tumor

por/o

pores; small openings

-osis

abnormal condition

open vs closed fracture

open fractures puncture through skin

nondisplaced vs displaced fractures

nondisplaced fractures are where the fractured bone does not need reallignment

Comminuted fracture

kind of looks like a river delta

Hairline fracture

Small, incomplete crack

Compression fracture

looks like a crumbling rock, usually on vertebrae

Greenstick fracture

One half of long bone lengthwise is super damaged, other side is clean

Colles fracture

wrist fracture

spiral fracture

bone got twisted, looks like a coil

transverse fracture

straight through bone horizontally

Oblique fracture

diagonally through bone

depressed fracture

blunt force trauma, part of bone caves in

True Ribs

pairs 1-1; Cartilage runs through the sternum

False Ribs

pairs 8-10; cartilage connects to cartilage of pair 7

Floating Ribs

Pairs 11-12; not connected to sternum at all

L1-L5

Vertebrae in lower back

C1-C7

• Cervical vertebrae in neck

• T1-T12

• Thoracic Vertebrae, in thorax

Sacrum

5 vertebrae fused together

Coccyx

tailbone

kyph/o-

bent; humpbacked

lord/o

swayback

spondyl/o-

spinal vertebra

-listhesis

abnormal condition of
slippin

Femur

Thigh bone of upper leg

tibia

shin bone

fibula

very thin lateral bone of lower leg

patella

anterior (in front) of knee bone

Joints (Articulations) types?

Cartilage and Ligaments

Joint types

• Suture- unmoving (ex facial bones)

• Symphysis- Slightly moveable and occur at the symphysis pubis and vertebrae

• Synovial- Fully moveable (ex Knee, hip)

What is cartilage made of?

Densely packed collagen fibers

Articular Cartilage

Covers bone ends in synovial (moveable) joints

• Some synovial joints contain a cartilage pad called a meniscus

Ligaments

Strong connective tissue bands that hold bones in a synovial (moveable) joint)