SAS 4 | Customs of the Tagalogs by Juan de Placenia

Juan de Placencia, the author of "Customs of the Tagalog," was a Spanish priest of which religious order?
A. The Dominican Order
B. The Jesuit Order
C. The Franciscan Order
D. The Augustinian Order

C. The Franciscan Order

Juan de Placencia is reported to have arrived in the Philippines in which year?
A. 1565
B. 1571
C. 1578
D. 1588

C. 1578

Upon arrival, Juan de Placencia joined forces with another missionary named _.
A. Fray Martin de Rada
B. Fray Diego de Oropesa
C. Fray Pedro de Gamboa
D. Fray Juan de Oliver

B. Fray Diego de Oropesa

Juan de Placencia and his partner began preaching around Laguna de Bay and which other location?
A. Manila
B. Cebu
C. Tayabas, Quezon
D. Vigan, Ilocos

C. Tayabas, Quezon

They founded several towns in the provinces of Bulacan, Laguna, and _.
A. Pampanga
B. Rizal
C. Batangas
D. Cavite

B. Rizal

Which of the following is a town founded by Juan de Placencia in the province of Laguna?
A. Vigan
B. Majayjay
C. Cebu City
D. Davao

B. Majayjay

Which of the following is a town founded by Juan de Placencia in the province of Rizal?
A. Antipolo
B. Iloilo City
C. Zamboanga
D. Legazpi

A. Antipolo

Juan de Placencia wrote books intended to promote understanding of the Spanish language among the natives and the local languages among the _.
A. soldiers
B. merchants
C. missionaries
D. government officials

C. missionaries

The primary purpose of Juan de Placencia's linguistic books was to facilitate the task of spreading _.
A. Spanish governance
B. economic trade
C. Christianity
D. agricultural techniques

C. Christianity

Juan de Placencia is believed to have authored the first book printed in the Philippines, called the _.
A. Noli Me Tangere
B. Doctrina Cristiana
C. Barlaan at Josaphat
D. Urbana at Feliza

B. Doctrina Cristiana

The Doctrina Cristiana was printed in Spanish and also in which other language?
A. Chinese
B. English
C. Latin
D. Tagalog

D. Tagalog

The Tagalog version of the Doctrina Cristiana was printed in the Latin script and the native script called _.
A. Alibata
B. Hanunoo
C. Baybayin
D. Kawi

C. Baybayin

Besides Spanish and Tagalog, the Doctrina Cristiana also had a version printed in which language?
A. Japanese
B. Chinese
C. Sanskrit
D. Arabic

B. Chinese

The basic political unit in pre-colonial Tagalog society was the _.
A. sitio
B. barangay
C. sultanate
D. pueblo

B. barangay

The leader of a barangay was called a _.
A. rajah
B. sultan
C. datu
D. mayor

C. datu

Offenses against the datu, especially those involving his family, were _.
A. ignored
B. negotiated
C. severely punished
D. forgiven

C. severely punished

A typical barangay consisted of approximately how many houses?
A. 10 to 20
B. 30 to 100
C. 100 to 200
D. over 500

B. 30 to 100

Barangays maintained their independence but were connected by _.
A. trade agreements
B. friendship and kinship
C. a central government
D. a common religion

B. friendship and kinship

Lands on mountain ridges were _.
A. owned by the datu
B. communally owned
C. owned by nobles only
D. not used for farming

B. communally owned

During the rice harvest, anyone could clear and sow land, and no one could _.
A. tax them for it
B. claim it for themselves
C. compel him to abandon it
D. share the harvest

C. compel him to abandon it

In times of war, chiefs would help one another with their respective _.
A. weapons
B. slaves
C. barangays
D. families

C. barangays

The three castes in Tagalog society were nobles, commoners, and _.
A. warriors
B. priests
C. slaves
D. merchants

C. slaves

The nobles were called _.
A. aliping namamahay
B. aliping sa guiguilir
C. maharlica
D. timawa

C. maharlica

The nobles did not pay tax but were obligated to accompany the datu in _.
A. trade missions
B. religious ceremonies
C. war
D. farming

C. war

Nobles helped the datu in activities like agricultural labor, building houses, and _.
A. teaching
B. trading
C. fighting wars
D. cooking

C. fighting wars

The commoners were called _.
A. aliping namamahay
B. aliping sa guiguilir
C. maharlica
D. timawa

A. aliping namamahay

Commoners served their master with half of their _.
A. gold
B. children
C. cultivated lands
D. houses

C. cultivated lands

Commoners rowed for their master when he went _.
A. to the market
B. beyond the island
C. to another barangay
D. to the mountains

B. beyond the island

Commoners lived in their own houses and were lords of their property and _.
A. slaves
B. gold
C. animals
D. crops

B. gold

The children of commoners _ their property and rank.
A. did not inherit
B. could sell
C. inherited
D. lost

C. inherited

The children of commoners could not be made _.
A. nobles
B. datus
C. slaves (sa guiguilir)
D. warriors

C. slaves (sa guiguilir)

If a commoner's master's son moved to another village, the commoner _.
A. was sold
B. was set free
C. had to move with him
D. remained in the native village

D. remained in the native village

The slaves were called _.
A. aliping namamahay
B. aliping sa guiguilir
C. maharlica
D. timawa

B. aliping sa guiguilir

Slaves served their master in his house and on his _.
A. trading boats
B. cultivated lands
C. fishing expeditions
D. hunting trips

B. cultivated lands

Unlike commoners, slaves _.
A. could own land
B. could be sold
C. paid taxes
D. lived independently

B. could be sold

A master might grant a slave a portion of the harvest so that they would _.
A. become commoners
B. work faithfully
C. buy their freedom
D. feed their own family

B. work faithfully

Servants who were born in the house of their master were _ sold.
A. always
B. rarely, if ever
C. frequently
D. never

B. rarely, if ever

The text states that the lot of captives in war was to become _.
A. nobles
B. commoners
C. datus
D. slaves

D. slaves

Spanish officials misunderstood the social structure, leading to the wrongful treatment of _ as household servants.
A. maharlica
B. aliping namamahay
C. datu
D. aliping sa guiguilir

B. aliping namamahay

This misunderstanding resulted in the illegal seizure and use of the children of aliping namamahay as _.
A. farmers
B. household servants
C. soldiers
D. tribute payers

B. household servants

When cases were brought to court, the system failed to distinguish between aliping namamahay and _.
A. maharlica
B. datu
C. aliping sa guiguilir
D. commoners from other tribes

C. aliping sa guiguilir

This failure often wrongly classified aliping namamahay and their descendants as aliping sa guiguilir, subjecting them to _.
A. high taxes
B. exile
C. servitude and even sale
D. execution

C. servitude and even sale

Children born to two free parents, or pure Maharlicas, remain _.
A. free forever
B. half-free
C. slaves for a term
D. servants to the datu

A. free forever

If a free person (maharlica) has children with a slave, what happens to the children and their mother?
A. They all remain slaves.
B. They become free.
C. The children are free, but the mother remains a slave.
D. They are all sold.

B. They become free.

In a mixed marriage between a free person and a slave, how is the status of the children typically determined?
A. All children are free.
B. All children are slaves.
C. The firstborn is free, and status alternates with birth order.
D. The youngest child is free.

C. The firstborn is free, and status alternates with birth order.

If a mixed couple has only one child, what is its status?
A. Fully free
B. Fully slave
C. Half-free, half-slave
D. It depends on the child's gender

C. Half-free, half-slave

House slaves, or aliping namamahay, and their children cannot be _.
A. inherited
B. sold or transferred
C. set free
D. required to work

B. sold or transferred

Aliping namamahay could be _ within the same village.
A. sold
B. inherited
C. exiled
D. ransomed

B. inherited

Field slaves, or aliping sa guiguilir, could be _.
A. inherited but not sold
B. sold
C. set free automatically
D. become nobles

B. sold

When a maharlica married a slave, the children in the first, third, and fifth positions belonged to the _.
A. mother
B. father
C. village chief
D. maternal grandparents

B. father

When a maharlica married a slave, the children in the second, fourth, and sixth positions belonged to the _.
A. mother
B. father
C. village chief
D. paternal grandparents

A. mother

If a mixed couple had only one child, the child was considered _.
A. fully free
B. fully enslaved
C. half-free and half-enslaved
D. a slave of the village chief

C. half-free and half-enslaved

Children who became enslaved inherited their status of servitude from their parents, either as namamahay or _.
A. maharlica
B. datu
C. sa guiguilir
D. commoner

C. sa guiguilir

In cases of an odd number of children, the odd one out was _.
A. fully free
B. fully enslaved
C. half-free and half-enslaved
D. given to the chief

C. half-free and half-enslaved

The timing for dividing the children in a mixed marriage was determined _.
A. by a village law
B. by the datu
C. individually
D. when they reached adulthood

C. individually

Among the two types of slaves, which could be sold?
A. namamahay
B. sa guiguilir
C. both
D. neither

B. sa guiguilir

Namamahay and their children could not be sold, but they could be _ within the same village.
A. exiled
B. inherited
C. ransomed
D. set free

B. inherited

After marriage, a maharlica could not relocate without paying a fine in _.
A. goods
B. service
C. gold
D. crops

C. gold

If a married maharlica moved without paying the fine, it could potentially lead to _.
A. celebration
B. conflict
C. automatic freedom
D. a new marriage

B. conflict

If one married outside their village, their children were _ between the two communities.
A. all given to the father's village
B. all given to the mother's village
C. evenly divided
D. sold into slavery

C. evenly divided

The purpose of dividing children between two villages was to foster loyalty to the _.
A. parents
B. chief
C. Spanish officials
D. other slaves

B. chief

In inheritance, legitimate children received a _ share.
A. smaller
B. larger
C. equal
D. no

B. larger

Children born from unmarried women or slaves inherited differently or not at all, depending on the _.
A. father's wealth
B. mother's status
C. circumstances
D. chief's decision

C. circumstances

If a married woman had a child from an adulterous relationship and the husband punished the adulterer, this punishment was considered a form of _ for the child.
A. fine
B. dowry
C. ransom
D. inheritance

B. dowry

In the case of adultery, if the husband punished the adulterer, the child received _.
A. no inheritance
B. a smaller share
C. an equal share
D. double the share

C. an equal share

If the adulterer went unpunished, the child was _.
A. fully recognized
B. given a double share
C. not recognized and received no inheritance
D. sold into slavery

C. not recognized and received no inheritance

Adopted children inherited _ the amount paid for their adoption.
A. half
B. an equal
C. double
D. triple

C. double

A dowry given by a man to the woman's parents was enjoyed by the parents _.
A. for a year
B. during their lifetime
C. until the first child was born
D. until the husband's death

B. during their lifetime

Upon the parents' death, any remaining dowry was divided equally among the _, unless the father gave extra to the daughter.
A. parents' siblings
B. village chiefs
C. children
D. husband's family

C. children

Unmarried women could not own property because all their earnings belonged to their _.
A. husband
B. brothers
C. parents
D. themselves

C. parents

In a divorce before children were born, if the wife left to marry another man, she had to give her husband all her dowry and _.
A. half her property
B. an equal amount
C. her parents' wealth
D. nothing more

B. an equal amount

If a wife left without remarrying, the dowry was _.
A. kept by her
B. returned
C. given to the chief
D. split among her children

B. returned

If the husband left, he lost _ the dowry, and the other half was returned.
A. all
B. half
C. a quarter
D. none of

B. half

If children were involved in a divorce, the entire dowry and any fine were held by the children's _.
A. parents
B. grandparents or responsible relatives
C. the new spouses
D. the village chief

B. grandparents or responsible relatives

In some villages, if a wife died without bearing children within a year, _ of her dowry was returned to the husband.
A. all
B. half
C. a quarter
D. none

B. half

In another village, if the husband died, half of the dowry was returned to his _.
A. children
B. new wife
C. relatives
D. the village

C. relatives

The practice of returning dowry upon death was not universal and was carried out as an act of _.
A. law
B. piety
C. trade
D. war

B. piety

If children refused arranged marriages after their parents' death, heavier _ were imposed.
A. taxes
B. fines
C. labor services
D. periods of enslavement

B. fines

If parents were alive when children refused an arranged marriage, the _ paid the fine.
A. children
B. village chief
C. other relatives
D. parents

D. parents

The parents paying the fine assumed they had intended to _ their children.
A. marry
B. separate
C. disown
D. sell

B. separate