Intro to the Philosophy of the Human Person (copy)

Oldest means of answering questions

Religion

Means love of wisdom. Insatiable desire for TRUTH

Philosophy

Application of Knowledge accumulated through experience

Wisdom

The fact or condition of being aware of something

Knowledge

Study of PHYSICS (ancient Greek word: PHUSIS) which literally means

NATURE - For that matter, all that is observable in the universe through the SCIENTIFIC METHOD. (Observation, Question, Hypothesize, Prediction, Test/Experiment, & Reflection)

Natural Philosophy

For that matter, all that is observable in the universe through the SCIENTIFIC METHOD. (Observation, Question, Hypothesize, Prediction, Test/Experiment, & Reflection)

NATURE

Derived from Natural Philosophy around the 19th century. Thee Latin word "Scientia" means knowing something.

Natural Science and Social Science

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence

Academic Discipline

1. Solves Problem (scientific vs philosophical)

2. Sense of Direction (belief, way of life)

3. Tolerance & understanding

Objectives of Philosophy of the HUMAN PERSON

Investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion.

Epistemology

(FACT vs OPINION, TRUTH vs FALCITY /Fallacy JTB-justified true belief)

Knowledge

(correct reasoning, valid vs invalid argument)

LOGIC

Reason(thinking) is the primary source of knowledge
[Think MATH]

RATIONALISM

Senses(experience) is the primary source of knowledge
[Experiments in SCIENCE]

EMPIRICISM

The study of nature of reality

1. Reality and Perception

2. Nature of things a.
   a. Composition - What is it made off?

   b. Characteristics - How does it behave?

   1. Spiritual/ Mind (what is real? Physical or Spiritual?)

   2. Freedom(Free Will) vs. Determinism(Destiny or God's Will) (purpose of existence)

Metaphysics

Understanding the world through measurement or degrees.

1. Ethics - What is good or moral?

2. Aesthetics - What is beautiful or appealing?

Value Theory

What is good or moral?

Ethics

What is beautiful or appealing?

Aesthetics

Water Primary Source of the World

Oldest known western philosopher who stood out in his attempts to explain the world through the simplification of natural phenomenon instead of the wills of gods

Thales of Miletus

Life came from Ocean

Apeiron - Pupil of Thales who proposed that the world, and everything, is composed of a boundless

Anaximander of Miletus

Air Primary Substance

Air is also the soul that animates people.

Younger contemporary of Anaximander

Anaximenes of Miletus

The first to use the term philosophy

Everything could be explained through NUMBERS

Pythagoras

FIRE Primary Source

Only permanent in this world is CHANGE

Logos - Everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan

Heraclitus

Everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan

Logos

ATOMISM - nature of cosmos

2 fundamental kinds of realities composing the natural world, atoms and void.

Democritus

Advocate of living a simple and virtuous life. (CYNICISM)

Diogenes of Sinope

Man to live a life of happiness. (HEDONISM)

Epicurus

Socratic method

Socrates

Examining a topic by devising a series of QUESTIONS that let the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic

Socratic method