EMT CHAPTER 5 CONDITIONS

Abrasion

Scrape or wearing away of skin or mucous membrane by friction

Bradycardia

Abnormally slow heart rate (below 60 bpm)

Bradypnea

Abnormally slow breathing

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Contusion

Bruise; injury to tissue without breaking the skin, causing discoloration

Crackles

Abnormal lung sounds heard with stethoscope; crackling or bubbling, often from fluid

Dyspepsia

Indigestion; discomfort in the upper abdomen

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing

Dysphasia

Difficulty speaking due to brain injury or neurological disorder

Dyspnea

Difficulty or labored breathing

Embolism

Sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus (air bubble, clot, etc.)

Epistaxis

Nosebleed

Hematochezia

Bright red blood in the stool (usually from lower GI bleeding)

Hematoma

Localized collection of blood outside blood vessels (often under the skin)

Hematuria

Blood in the urine

Hemoptysis

Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract

Hemorrhage

Excessive or uncontrolled bleeding

Homeostasis

Body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions

Hypertension

High blood pressure

Hyperthermia

Abnormally high body temperature

Hypoperfusion

Inadequate blood flow to the body’s tissues (can lead to shock)

Hypotension

Low blood pressure

Hypothermia

Abnormally low body temperature

Hypoxia

Lack of oxygen in the body tissues

Infarction

Tissue death due to inadequate blood supply (commonly from blockage)

Ischemia

Restricted or reduced blood flow to a part of the body

Laceration

Deep cut or tear in the skin or flesh

Melena

Black, tarry stools from digested blood (usually upper GI bleeding)

Mydriasis

Dilation (enlargement) of the pupils

Myocardial Infarction

Heart attack; blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle

Myosis or Miosis

Constriction (narrowing) of the pupils

Perfusion

Passage of fluid (especially blood) through the circulatory or lymphatic system to an organ or tissue

Polydipsia

Excessive thirst

Polyphagia

Excessive hunger or increased appetite

Polyuria

Excessive urination

Renal Calculi

Kidney stones

Rhonchi

Coarse rattling lung sounds often due to mucus in the airways

Stridor

High-pitched, wheezing sound from disrupted airflow in the upper airway

Tachycardia

Abnormally fast heart rate (above 100 bpm)

Tachypnea

Abnormally fast breathing

Thrombus

Blood clot that forms in a vessel and remains there

TIA

Transient Ischemic Attack; "mini-stroke"

Wheezing

High-pitched whistling sound during breathing (usually from narrowed airways)