A&P Basic Spectrogram: Consonants

sonarants

consonants that manipulate the vocal tract resonance. F2 and F3 formant changes

• nasals

• liquid

• glides

Nasals

defined by the 2nd formant transitions and place of antiresonances

Glides

gradual transitions that appear on the spectrogram as a slowly changing formant pattern

Liquids

formant pattern steady states and transition is the primary acoustic cue

• prolongation effects

burst

articulatory constriction is released; energy released looks like noise on the spectrogram

transition

formant transition into following vowel

Voice onset time (VOT)

time between stop release (burst) and the onset of glottal pulsing

fricatives

• spectrum of noise is the acoustic cue and formant transition

• specific location of turbulence

affricates

have a stop gap (silence, low energy interval) followed by intense frication