MANGT 421 Exam 2 (Minick)

Standardization

the extent to which there is an absence of variety in a product, service, or process

Mass Customization

basically producing standardized goods, but incorporating some degree of customization in the final product/service

Delayed Differentiation

a process of producing, but not quite completing a product/service until the customers preferences are known

Modular Design

a form of standardization where component parts are grouped into modules that are easily replaced or interchanged

Robust Design

a design in products/services that can function over a broad range of conditions

What are the 3 Product Strategy options?

Differentiation, Low Cost, & Rapid Response

Give one main advantage of Standardization

Reduces time, training, and cost

What are the 2 Techniques of Mass Customization?

Delayed Differentiation & Modular Design

Concurrent Engineering

bringing engineering design and manufacturing personnel together early in the design phase

List the Production Requirements("S-TESTS"):

Skills, Types of materials, Equipment, Schedules, Technologies, Special abilities

Component Commonality

when products have a high degree of similarity in features and components, a part can be used in multiple products

Computer Aided Design (CAD)

using computers to design products and prepare engineering documentation

What is the Quality Award given Japan?

Deming Prize

What are the 4 Costs of Quality?

Prevention Costs - reducing the potential for defects

Appraisal Costs - evaluating products, parts, and services

Internal Failure Costs - producing defective parts or services before delivery

External Failure Parts - defects discovered after delivery

What does "Kaizen" mean?

describes the ongoing process of unending improvement

What are the two MEANINGS of Six Sigma?

1) Statistical Definition - of a process that is 99.9997% capable; 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO)

2) Quality Program - designed to reduce defects, lower costs, save time, and improve customer satisfaction

Define: Six Sigma

a comprehensive system for achieving and sustaining business success

Benchmarking

selecting best practices to use as a standard for performance

5 Steps of Benchmarking

1) Determine WHAT to benchmark

2) Form a benchmarking team

3) Identify benchmarking partners

4) Collect/Analyze benchmarking information

5) Take action to match or exceed the benchmark

Inspection

involves examining items to see if they are good or defective

"Poka-Yoke"

a concept of foolproof devices or techniques designed to pass only acceptable products

4 TYPES of Processing

Job Shop - customized goods and services

Batch - semi-standardized goods and services

Repetitive - standardized goods and services

Continuous - highly standardized goods and services

Techniques for Improving Service Strategy

- separation

- self service

- scheduling

- postponement

- automation

- focus

- training

- modules

4 Basic Process STRATEGIES

1) Process Focus

2) Repetitive Focus

3) Product Focus

4) Mass Customization

Capacity

upper limit or maximum amount that an operation can handle