biology genetics

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human normal chromosme number

46

male chromosome

XY

female chromosome

XX

Haploid

sex cells/gametes, 23 of the

crossing over

exchange of genetic material, creates gentic diversity

when does crossing oveern happens

propahse

indepentdant assortment

random pairing up of homolgous pairs

when does indepent assorment happen

metaphase

diploids

body cells, 46

what is Klienfiels disorder change

has XXY

what does down syndrome/trisome 21 effecrt

3 chromosomes in 21 slot

what does turners syndrome change

only has 1 X

Trisomy meaning

3 chromosomes in whatever number slot

pataus/ trisomy 13

3 chromoses in 13 slot

zygot

combination of spern and egg

somatic cells

bdy cells

germline cells

gamets

sex cells

chromoseomes that determine biological sex

chromosome s

set of allels an organism inhearits

allelel

versions of gene that arises through mutaion

meiosis

cell dividion that occures in sex cells

genome

complete set of cells in organism

mitosis

cell divisonn in all body cells

homologous chromose

matching chromose a person inherits from mother and father

recombination

crossing

dominate trait

• represented by capital, if is present att all in genotype, it’s expressed

recessive trait

• represneted by lowercase, needs to be free of any dominant trait to be fully express (ignore codominance)

law of dominance

for ressesive to be expressed you need to be free of dominance

non-disjunction

• When chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis and the gametes have an incorrect number of chromosomes.

homosygous dom

AA

homozygous reccessive

aa

Hetrozygous

Aa

Incomplete dominance

mixing of traits

codominace

both traits (dom and recess) expressed equally

P generationm

Parent generation

F1

first generation after pRAENT