D184 OA Study Cards

How are measurement topics beneficial to teachers?

They help teachers identify a small set of themes to focus on during instruction.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.7.10: "By the end of the year, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems for grades 6-8 text complexity band proficiently with scaffolding as needed, at the high end of the range" (Common Core Standards Initiative, 2021).

Which terms reflect the content of the standard?

Stories, dramas, poems

A teacher must determine a relevant focus statement based on this standard for a U.S. history course: "The student understands the differences between the economic, technological, and human resources of both sides of a conflict."

Which focus statement reflects this standard?

Knows about the materials that contributed to an event and its outcome

Which focus statement represents procedural knowledge?

composes sentences with keyboard

What is declarative knowledge?

knowledge of facts concepts "knowing that"

What is procedural knowledge?

knowledge relating to the skills, and processes needed to perform a task "knowing how"

An eighth-grade social studies teacher is reviewing the following standard for the curriculum and making note of the measurement topics: INQ 9-12.5: "Determine the kinds of sources that will be helpful in answering compelling and supporting questions, taking into consideration multiple points of view represented in the sources, the types of sources available, and the potential uses of the sources" (Connecticut Social Studies Frameworks, 2015).

Which measurement topic aligns to the given standard?

research

A high school psychology teacher is reviewing the following standard for the curriculum and making note of the measurement topics: Standard Area: Personality 1.1: "Explain how biological and environmental factors interact to influence personality" (American Psychological Association, 2022).

Which measurement topic aligns to the given standard?

genetics

What is a benefit of a standards-based grading system for high-achieving students?

Instruction can be easily adjusted to provide new, more complex learning targets.

How is a narrative-based system different than a standards-based grading system?

The standards-based grading system uses proficiency scores, but the narrative grading system does not.

Which factor distinguishes norm-referenced grading from standards-based grading?

Performance of the rest of the class

What is a benefit of using standards-based grading compared to norm-referenced grading?

Standards-based grading is more focused on the learning targets than norm-referenced grading.

Why do teachers only grade student work related to the achievement of learning targets in standards-based grading systems?

Teachers are able to help students focus on learning goals and track their progress.

How do standards-based grading systems support struggling students compared to other common grading systems?

By allowing students to redo lessons and assignments as many times as necessary

What is one difference between using criterion-referenced scoring in standards-based grading systems as opposed to using norm-referenced scoring?

Criterion-referenced scoring measures student progress toward mastery of specific criteria, while norm-referenced scoring measures progress relative to percentiles.

Criticism of standards based grading?

They do not reflect students' proficiency in soft skills such as time management and creativity.

Which problematic assessment practice does standards-based grading help teachers avoid?

Tagging multiple standards

Which statement is a criticism of standards-based grading systems?

Assessments are too narrowly focused.

A teacher wants to design a proficiency scale that will consider each student's varied level of understanding of the measurement topics. Which type of proficiency scale offers this benefit?

Half-point scale

How do proficiency scales help teachers create assessments?

They provide a continuum of knowledge levels and skills related to a specified standard.

How do proficiency scales address weaknesses in standardized performance assessments?

By providing specific feedback to students

A high school mathematics teacher is reviewing the following standard in order to develop an assessment for an upcoming statistics unit: CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.MD.A.3: "Develop a probability distribution for a random variable defined for a sample space in which theoretical probabilities can be calculated; find the expected value. For example, find the theoretical probability distribution for the number of correct answers obtained by guessing on all five questions of a multiple-choice test where each question has four choices, and find the expected grade under various grading schemes" (Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2021). Which proficiency scale statement measures target level 3.0 proficiency for procedural knowledge based on the given standard?

The student will develop a probability distribution for a random variable and then find the expected value.

A fifth-grade teacher is creating a proficiency scale to assess the following standards: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.5.3: "Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words" (Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2021). CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.5.3.a: "Use combined knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology (roots and affixes) to read accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic words in context and out of context" (Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2021). Which proficiency scale statement measures developing level 2.0 proficiency for the given standards?

The student will describe phonics and decoding techniques.

What characteristic of parallel assessments refers to the measuring of the same trait on all forms of the test?

Unidimensionality

What is a characteristic of parallel assessments?

They assess the full scope of a standard or learning objective.

Which example illustrates response-code scoring?

High partial accuracy (HP)

Which statement accurately describes response-code scoring for a traditional test?

Each answer on a student's test is given a label, and the pattern of labels is used to determine the student's level of proficiency.

A teacher is developing an assessment blueprint that includes a standard four-point proficiency scale. How should the teacher allocate the number of items for each proficiency level?

Include a decreasing number of items for each level as complexity increases

Which component of an assessment blueprint increases complexity?

Item types

A teacher wants to design assessments that assess individual students at their specific proficiency level.

What should be included in the assessment blueprint to ensure the proper complexity levels are assessed for each student?

A screener

Which components of an assessment blueprint ensure proper assessment coverage?

Percentage of items and difficulty level for each topic

Which score must be considered when using the method of mounting evidence to determine a student's summative score?

The most frequent score on all assessments

What indicates the concept of best fit when analyzing assessment scores?

The lowest percentage of error between actual and predicted scores

Why are mathematical models used in standards-based grading?

To estimate student true summative scores

How is a student's true score related to the error score?

The true score is an estimate of the actual score if the student had a zero-error score.

What is important to consider about the accuracy of true scores when assessing student knowledge?

True scores are accurate measures of student knowledge, but efforts should be made to reduce assessment errors.

A student achieved the following assessment scores for a measurement topic, based on a four-point proficiency scale:

0.5

1.5

2.0

2.0

2.5

2.5

3.0

The teacher estimated the student's true summative score, rounded to the nearest tenth, is 3.1.Which mathematical model did the teacher use to estimate the student's true summative score?

Linear trend