Misc

Trichotillomania (trik-o-til-o-MAY-nee-uh)

抜毛症

perleche (per-LESH)

口角炎　＝angular cheilitis kai·lai·tuhs

surfactant

界面活性剤かいめん かっせいざい｝

Bowel Prep

腸管洗浄液

homogeneous

均一の、　同種、同質
autism is not a homogeneous disease 均一の病気ではない

plasticity

可塑性｛かそ せい｝、柔軟性｛じゅうなん せい｝

neuroplasticity 神経可塑性｛しんけい かそ せい｝

portal vein

門脈

polysaccharides

多糖類｛たとう るい｝

microbe

】

微生物 (病原菌)

staphylococcal

ブドウ球菌

conspicuous

1. 〔物・場所などが〕よく見える、はっきり見える、見やすい◆【反】inconspicuous

2. 〔異常な状態などで〕人目を引く, 目立つ
   ・His absence was very conspicuous. : 彼の欠席は［彼がいないのが］とても目立った。

3. 〔成功などが〕顕著な、際立った

多系統萎縮症

• multiple system atrophy

オリゴ糖

oligosaccharide

移動性精巣

retractile testicle

Betadine

《薬学》ベタジン

gastrocolic reflex

胃結腸反射

dissipate

1. dissipate means to gradually scatter or disappear, while disappear means to vanish completely. Think of dissipate as a process of spreading out until gone, whereas disappear is an instantaneous event. For example, a fog might dissipate over the course of the morning, while an object on a table might suddenly disappear if you look away. 

   
   

peristalsis

ぜん動運動

hemangiosarcoma

血管肉腫

agonist

作動薬

Torn MCL

torn medial collateral ligament
内側側副靱帯断裂

anaplastic cell

未分化細胞

compensate

補う　埋め合わせする　釣り合いを取る

Slough is soft, yellow or white, and non-viable; it’s usually removed or debrided to allow new tissue growth.

•

Eschar is dry, thick, and often dark brown or black. Stable, dry eschar may be left in place if blood flow is poor, but unstable or infected eschar is typically removed by the surgical team.

痂皮｛かひ

hydrogen peroxide

過酸化水素　（Peroxide =過酸化物）

3％に薄めた水溶液はオキシドール(oxydol)と呼ばれ、一般に消毒や殺菌に用いられる 

ideal

理想的

hyperbaric oxygen therapy

高圧酸素療法｛こうあつ さんそ りょうほう｝

anecdotal

裏付けに乏しい　逸話的な

preexcitation

早期興奮

(preexcitation syndrome. ventricular preexcitation etc)

silver sulfadiazine

スルファジアジン銀

granulation tissue

肉芽組織｛にくげ そしき｝

Cadexomer iodine

カデキソマーヨウ素

paroxysmal

発作性の

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT / Wound VAC® / Prevena™): Sealed suction system that removes exudate and promotes granulation tissue.

Compression therapy (Tubigrip®, ACE wraps): Controls swelling and supports circulation when safe.

Electrical stimulation therapy (EST): Low-level current to encourage tissue repair.

Low-frequency ultrasound (e.g., MIST®): Sound waves that gently debride and stimulate healing.

Photobiomodulation / Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT): Light therapy that decreases inflammation and supports collagen remodeling.

陰圧創傷療法（NPWT／Wound VAC®／Prevena™）：滲出液を除去し肉芽組織形成を促進する密閉吸引システム。

圧迫療法（Tubigrip®、ACE包帯）：安全な場合に腫脹を抑制し血行を促進。

電気刺激療法（EST）：組織修復を促進する低レベル電流。

低周波超音波（例：MIST®）：穏やかにデブリードメントを行い治癒を刺激する音波。

光生物調節療法／低出力レーザー治療（LLLT）：炎症を軽減し、コラーゲンの再構築を促進する光線療法。

マイクロニードリング：

silver nitrate

硝酸銀

Photobiomodulation / Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT): Light therapy that decreases inflammation and supports collagen remodeling.

「Donner specific antibody」は日本語で「ドナー特異的抗体」または「ドナー特異的同種抗体」（DSA）と言います。これは、臓器移植を受けた患者さんの体内で、移植された臓器のドナーのHLA（ヒト白血球抗原）に対して作られる抗体のことです。 

• 役割と影響: DSAは移植された臓器を異物と認識し、攻撃して拒絶反応を引き起こす原因となります。この抗体ができると、抗体関連型拒絶反応（AMR）につながり、移植された臓器の機能予後が悪化する可能性があります。

molluscum

軟属腫

carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

がん胎児性抗原｛たいじせい こうげん｝

A normal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) lab result is less than or equal to 3.0 ng/mL for healthy non-smokers, but levels up to 5.0 ng/mL may be considered normal for smokers. Significantly elevated CEA levels, especially above 20 ng/mL, can strongly suggest the presence and spread of cancer, while a level between 10 and 20 ng/mL may indicate early-stage cancer. The test is used to monitor treatment effectiveness and check for cancer recurrence rather than for initial diagnosis in asymptomatic individuals. 

dermabrasion

皮膚剥離(切除)術

radiculopathy

1. 神経根障害

tethered cord

脊髄係留 せきずい けいりゅう

pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum

漏斗胸　鳩胸

• MASLD, MASH, steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis

• •

  ALT, AST, biopsy, elastography

Immunochemistry tests, primarily Immunohistochemistry (IHC), use specific antibodies to "stain" proteins (antigens) in a tissue biopsy, helping pathologists diagnose cancer type, predict treatment response (like for HER2/hormone receptors in breast cancer), and determine prognosis (like Ki-67 for cell growth) by highlighting specific cell markers, acting as a crucial tool for personalized cancer care. 

How it Works (IHC)

1. Tissue Sample: A biopsy is taken from the tumor.

2. Antibody Application: Lab-created antibodies, designed to bind to specific cancer-related proteins (antigens), are applied to the tissue.

3. Staining: A chemical reaction makes the bound antibodies change color, allowing them to be seen under a microscope.

4. Pathologist Review: A pathologist interprets the pattern, intensity, and location of the colored stains to identify specific cancer types or markers. 

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is cancer treatment given before surgery to shrink a tumor,

閾値

• threshold《心理学・生物》〔それ以上｛いじょう｝またはそれ以下｛いか｝になって初めて、心理学的｛しんり がく てき｝・生理学的反応｛せいりがく てき はんのう｝をもたらす刺激｛しげき｝のレベルの分岐点｛ぶんき てん｝

しきいち

acinar cells

腺房細胞

ampulla of Vater

ファーターの膨大部

intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)

管内乳頭状粘液性新生物（IPMN）

acinar cells

xenograft

異種移植片

bicarbonate

重炭素塩

malabsorption

吸収不良

celiac axis

腹腔動脈

zymogen

酵素原

monogenic diabetes

単一遺伝子性糖尿病

serous cystadenoma

m

漿液性嚢胞腺腫

mucinous cystadenoma

粘液性嚢胞腺腫

IPMN

intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm

膵管内乳頭粘液性腫瘍

misophonia

音嫌悪症候群