Anatomy Exam 1

BIOS 214

Which joint shows the motion called rotation?

Radioulnar

Immune cells in the stratum spinosum which protect against invaders are the ___

Langerhans' cells (or dendritic cells)

What is a gland called if it has a branched duct?

Compound Gland

Which of these cells is a mechanoreceptor?

Merkel Cell

Which type of movement has the most movement?

Diarthrosis

What type of tissue makes up the dermis of the skin?

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Which best describes the maxilla bone

Inferior and posterior portion of nasal septum

What is a gland called if the secretory portion is flask shaped?

Alveolar

The cup-shaped depression formed by all three portions of the coxal bone is the ___

Acetabulum

Which best describes a typical cervical vertebra?

Has a bifid spinous process

What forms the epiphyseal growth plate?

Hyaline cartilage

Using the following directional terms, decide which structure OF THE PELVIS is being described:
medial to the ischium; inferior to the ilium; lateral to the pubic symphysis; medial to the acetabulum.

Pubis

Where are the paranasal cavities located?

nasal cavity

"Sutures" would be found connecting which bones?

Frontal and occipital

___glands are sudoriferous glands that are found in the axillary and anogenital regions of adults, and which secrete a nutrient broth for bacteria.

Apocrine

Osteocytes are the mature bone cells that develop directly from ___.

Osteoblasts

What cell type makes up the inner lining of the urinary bladder?

Transitional epithelium

What is the half moon shaped white area on a nail called?

Lunula

The nasal concha create___, which increases the ability of the nose to trap dust, preventing it from reaching the lungs.

Turbulence

The joint between the parietal and frontal bones ___.

is classified functionally as a synarthrosis

The ethmoid bone does not contain:

Inferior nasal conchae

Which best describes the term spina bifida?

Congenital defect in which the laminae fail to unite at the midline

What forms the brush border?

Microvilli

Concerning diarthroses, one may speculate that as mobility increases, ___ decreases.

stability

Which of these does not belong to the distal row of carpal bones?

pisiform

What are the spicules on spongy bone called?

Sharpey's fibers

The least malignant and most common skin cancer is ___.

Squamous cell carcinoma

Appearance of the epiphyseal line means:

Total replacement of epiphyseal plate by bone

All chondrocytes of the epiphyseal plate are dead

The end of the lengthwise growth of that bone

Using the following directional terms decide which bone is being described: proximal to metacarpal I, distal to the scaphoid bone; lateral to the trapezoid bone.

Trapezium

Which of the following statements about joint classification is true?

All symphyses are synarthrotic

All synchondroses are synarthrotic

All synovial joints are diarthrotic

Which of the following is true for the sacrum?

The sacral canal is the extension of the vertebral canal

Contraction of the ___ causes goose bumps.

Arrector pili muscle

A major change in bone tissue that occurs with aging and that leads to increased brittleness is ___.

Decreased protein synthesis

What do you call the simple squamous epithelium that lines the blood vessels?

Endothelium

Which of the following is an articular feature of the tibia

Lateral condyle

Which feature goes with the coxal joint?

zona orbicularis

What pair of skull bones contribute to the only freely movable joint of the head?

Temporal and mandible

Which of these cells is found in the dermis?

Fibroblast

Which feature goes with the knee joint?

medial and lateral menisci

Membrane-filled spaces between cranial bones of an infant skull are called:

Fontanels

Epiphyseal plates of growing bones may be classified as:

Cartilaginous joints

Synarthrotic joints

Synchondroses

A new miracle skin cream recently hit the beauty counters which is suppose to stimulate collagen production. Which cells is it supposedly stimulating?

Fibroblast

The articular cartilage:

Shields the surfaces of the articulating bones at a synovial joint

Helps absorb shock and reduces friction at a synovial joint

The dermis consists of two layers: the ___, which is characterized by a dimpled interface with the epidermis, and the ___, which accounts for 80% of the skin's thickness

Papillary, reticular

The layer of the epidermis that contains dividing cells (which produce the more superficial layers) is the ___.

Stratum basale (or stratum germinativum)

Which portion of a vertebrae DOES NOT surround the spinal cord to keep it protected from injury?

Transverse process

Which of the following is a receptor for fine touch which is located in the dermis?

Meissner's corpuscle

What is the growing part of the nail?

Matrix

What type of epithelium is associated with goblet cells

Simple columnar epithelium

What cell type is involved in cell resorption?

Osteoclast

The greatest amount of keratin is found where:

stratum corneum

As keratinocytes move to the surface:

they eventually die and are sloughed off

The flexible connective tissue that joins the anterior extremity of a rib to the breast bone (sternum) is

Hyaline cartilage

What word foes the letter "B" stand for in the American Cancer Society's ABCD guidelines for detecting malignant melanoma?

Border is irregular

A gland may consist of

A single epithelial cell

A cluster of epithelial cells

A course of study in which you learn about the bones of the forearm along with associated blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves would most appropriately be called

Regional anatomy

Which best describes the palatine bone

horizontal plate forms the posterior portion of the hard palate

The frontal bone:

None of the above (articulates with the mandible, contributes to the sagittal suture, forms part of the floor of the orbit)

A transverse plane

is also known as a horizontal plane or cross-sectional plane

Put the following in correct order for endochondral ossification

1) Mesenchymal cells of the embryo develop into cartilage-producing cells

2) The periosteum (formerly perichondrium) begins to produce a thin layer of compact bone

3) A hyaline cartilage model of the future bone is formed

4) Cartilage in the midregion of the model becomes calcified

5) Spongy bone tissue develops at the primary ossification center

6) Secondary ossification centers produce spongy bone tissue of the epiphyses

7) Medullary cavity is formed

1,3,4,2,5,7,6

A ___ is a type of joint in which two bones are held together by a disc of fibrocartilage

Symphysis

Which of the following cell junctions anchor or connect adjacent cells to one another?

Adherens junctions

Desmosomes

Gap junctions

Tight junctions

The tissue that contains erythrocytes, leukocytes, and plasma belongs to which tissue group?

Connective tissue

The ligamentum teres arises from

The fovea capitus

Which of the following are true of yellow marrow?

It is located in the medullary cavities of long bones

It is a site of energy storage in the form of triglycerides

It becomes more abundant relative to red marrow with increasing age due to the conversion of red marrow to yellow marrow

Fibrous connective tissue firmly holds the articular surfaces of bones together in:

Fibrous joints

Which skull bone contains the mandibular fossa, mastoid process, styloid process, and zygomatic process?

Temporal

Name the two most specific body cavities that would be sectioned if a transverse plane were passed through the umbilicus.

Abdominal and Vertebral canal

Most specifically, the heart is located in the

Pericardial cavity

The number of phalanges in one hand is:

14

The ability of skin to stretch and recoil is due to the presence of ___ in the ___.

Elastic Fibers, dermis

Which is the most common type of exocrine gland?

Merocrine glands

The four major families of tissues that make up the human body are

muscular, nervous, epithelial, connective

A tendon sheath is a modified

bursa

The __ region is proximal to the popliteal region.

inguinal

Which of the following is not considered an epidermal derivative?

Lamellated corpuscles

The nutrient artery of a long bone:

divides into branches that supply the marrow and the inner portion of the diaphysis

Calluses form in areas that

are subject to friction

The rotator cuff tendons enclose the shoulder joint on all sides except ___, which partially explains the nature of most shoulder dislocations.

Inferiorly

what is the function of the periosteum?

supplies blood to the bones