Lipid Metabolism and Ketogenesis

Flashcards about lipid metabolism, ketogenesis, and related disorders.

Ketogenesis

A normal part of adaptive metabolism involving the generation of ketones or ketone bodies.

Three Main Ketone Bodies

Acetoacetic Acid, three Hydroxybuteric Acid, and Acetone.

Ketone Bodies Formation

Formed from Acetyl CoA when there's an excess of acetyl CoA production.

Ketone bodies

Water-soluble and can be distributed in circulation to be taken up by other tissues.

Liver

Site of ketone synthesis; ketones can then be exported to other tissues.

Ketone Bodies

Readily oxidized back to acetyl CoA, allowing distribution of metabolic fuel.

Concentration of oxaloacetate

Major determinant of the activity of the citric acid cycle.

Oxaloacetate in fasting animals

Used to maintain circulating blood glucose concentration resulting in citric acid cycle slowing.

Ketones

A marker for starvation or negative energy balance.

Common precursors for biosynthesis of major lipids

Glycerol three phosphate and fatty acyl CoA.

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Intermediate in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis; source of glycerol.

Rising Ketones

An animal is in negative energy balance.

Sphingosine synthesis

Series of reactions involving serine and palmitoyl CoA.

Fat-soluble vitamins

Carotenoids dissolve in fat from grasses and consumed by animals.