Paramedic Coach A&P: Intro to A&P- Tissues and Epithelia

Levels of Organization of the Human Body from smallest to largest

1. Atom

2. cell

3. Tissue

4. Organ

5. Organ System

6. Organism

Homeostasis

The process in which the body maintains a stable internal environment through process of homeostatic regulation

Receptor

First part in homeostatic regulation it reacts to the initial change/stimulus

Control Center

2nd part in homeostatic regulation its role is to receive information from the receptor; it then processes and sends information to the effector.

Effector

3rd and final piece in homeostatic regulation it receives information from the control center and then takes action to make the needed change.

Negative Feedback

Bodies automatic response to changes in homeostasis.

Organ Systems of the human body

1. Integumentary

2. Skeletal

3. Muscular

4. Nervous

5. Cardiovascular

6. Lymphatic

7. Respiratory

8. Endocrine

9. Digestive

10. Urinary

11. Male/Female Reproductive systems

Protons

positive structures found inside an atom

neutrons

neutral particles found inside an atom

Electrons

negative particles inside an atom

Atomic Weight

number of protons

Nucleus

center of an atom

Electron Shell

Where electrons are held in an atom

Isotopes

Same elements, but have different number of neutrons

Mass Weight

determined by number of protons and neutrons

Stable Chemical Bonds

bonds where atoms have full electron shells

Unstable Chemical Bonds

Bonds where atoms do not have full electron shells

Ionic Bonds

Chemical Bonds where electrons are given

Covalent Bonds

Chemical Bonds where electrons are shared

Cation

positive ionic bonds

Anions

negative ionic bonds

Organic Compounds

Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen, and are soluble in water

Which of the following is an example of Organic Compounds

C

Acids

Inorganic compounds where hydrogen is broken apart

Bases

Inorganic Compounds where Hydrogen is removed

Numerical ranges for Acids on Ph scale

1-6

Numerical Range for neutral on Ph scale

7

Numerical range for bases on Ph scale

8-14

Cell Membrane

Structure that separates the inside from outside of the cell.

Cytoplasm

Cell Contents

Intracellular

fluid found inside the cell

Extracellular

fluid found outside the cell

Which of the following is not a membranous organelle

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Provides Intracellular Storage, and transport; also helps synthesize proteins, lipids, and carbs.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum that contains Ribosomes

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum that does not contain ribosomes.

Golgi Apparatus

Membranous Organelle that creates Lysosomes

Lysosomes

Membranous Organelles created by Golgi Apparatus they remove damaged Organelles

Mitochondria

Membranous Organelle that provides most of energy for the cell through ATP.

Nucleus/Nucleolus

Controls metabolism of cell, serves as genetic storage, and helps synthesize RNA.

Cytoskeleton

Non Membranous Organelle that enables movement of cell structures.

Microvilli

Non Membranous Organelle that facilitates absorption of extracellular.

Cilia

Non Membranous Organelle that helps move materials over cell surface.

Ribosomes

Non Membranous Organelle that synthesizes proteins.

Proteasomes

Non Membranous Organelle that breaks down damaged intracellular proteins.

Diffusion

Movement of Molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across membranes.

Hypotonic Solution

Solution with higher water concentration

Hypertonic

Solution with higher salt concentration

Active Transport

Form of transport that does not require use of ATP(Energy)

Passive Transport

Form of transport that does not require use of ATP(Energy).

Which of the following is an example of Active Transport

A

Which of the following is an example of Passive Transport?

B

What kind of transport is Carrier Mediated Transport?

Active and Passive Transport

What are tissues?

Specialized cells that come together and work together

What are the functions of Epithelia?

1. Provide Protection

2. Control Permeability

3. Provide Sensation

4. Specialized Secretions through Gland Cells

What are Epithelia?

Layers of cells that cover internal/external surfaces

Exocrine Glands

Glands that discharge onto the surface of epithelium.

Endocrine Glands

Release their products directly into blood or tissue fluid to be circulated inside the body.

Simple Epithelia

Single layer of cells(internal only vessels)

Stratified Epithelia

Several Layers of cells(Skin,Mouth)

Squamous Epithelia

thin/flat nucleus in the thickest spot of each cell

Cuboidal Epithelia

“Hexagon Style” centered nucleus

Columnar Epithelia

“taller/ slender” epithelial height is 2 times the nucleus