CH 41- Terrorism Response and Disaster Management

__________________ rays easily penetrate through the human body and require lead or several inches of concrete to prevent penetration

A. Beta

B. Neutron

C. Alpha

D. Gamma

gamma

A 52-year-old male presents with a fever of 102.5°F and a severe headache. As you assess him, you note the presence of multiple blisters on his face and chest, which are all identical in shape and size. This patient's clinical presentation is most consistent with:

A. Yellow fever virus

B. Smallpox

C. Sarin Toxicity

D Cutaneous anthrax

smallpox

A disease vector is defined as:

A. The spectrum of signs that define a disease

B. The period of time between exposure and illness

C. The ability of a virus or bacterium to be spread

D. Any agent that acts as a carrier or transporter

any agent that acts as a carrier or transporter

A persistent or nonvolatile chemical agent can:

A. Remain in the environment for many weeks

B. Evaporate quickly when left on a surface

C. Explode without warning and release gases

D. Remain on a surface for more than 24 hours

remain on a surface for more than 24 hours

A weapon of mass destruction is most accurately defined as:

A. A device or agent used to destroy a specific area or region within a given geographic location

B. A nuclear or chemical weapon that can be launched form one country to another country

C. Any agent used to bring about mass death, casualties, or massive infrastructural damage

D. Any device used for the express purpose of creating carnage to make a particular point

Any agent used to bring about mass death, casualties, or massive infrastructural damage

After eating at a local restaurant, a 20-year-old male complains of blurred vision, difficulty speaking, and difficulty breathing. He is conscious; however, his respirations are profoundly labored and producing minimal tidal volume. You should:

A. Request a paramedic to administer atropine

B. Assist hit ventilation with high-flow oxygen

C. Position him supine and elevate is legs

D. Apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask

assist his ventilations with high-flow oxygen

All of the following are vesicant agents, except

A. Phosgene oxime

B. Sarin

C. Sulfur mustard

D. Lewisite

sarin

All of the following biologic agents or diseases can be transmitted from person to person, except:

A. Pneumonic plague

B. Ricin

C. Smallpox

D. Viral hemorrhagic fever

ricin

An attack on an abortion clinic would MOST likely be carried out by a(n):

A. Extremist political group

B. Doomsday cult

C. Single-issue group

D. Violent religious group

single-issue group

As the first arriving emergency responder at the scene of a suspected terrorist or weapong of mass destruction incident, you should request additional resources as needed and then:

A. Function as the incident commander until additional personnel arrive

B. Carefully inspect the area for the presence of secondary explosive devices

C. Remain where you are until additional ambulances arrive at the scene

D. Direct your partner to begin triaging patients as you call medical control

function as the incident commander until additional personnel arrive

As you and your partner report for duty, you check your ambulance and begin talking about the possibility of a terrorist attack. The MOST effective and appropriate way to determine the likelihood of this happening is to:

A. Ascertain the current situation overseas regarding the number of casualties

B. Know the current threat level issued by the Department of Homeland Security

C. Ask your immediate supervisor if he or she has been watching the local news

D. Check with local business to see if they have received any terrorist threats

know the current threat level issued by the Department of Homeland Security

At present, the likelihood of a nuclear attack against the United States is very low because:

A. Terrorist nations do not have the ability to deliver a nuclear weapon via missile or bomb

B. The United States has an effective early warning system to detect an incoming nuclear missile

C. All nuclear devices or weapons that different countries are in possession of are currently accounted for.

D. Other than the United States, no other countries are currently in possession of nuclear weapons

terrorist nations do not have the ability to deliver a nuclear weapon via missle or bomb

Botulinum is:

A. A potent bacterial neurotoxin

B. A disease of the leukocytes

C. An acute viral infection

D. Rarely associated with death

a potent bacterial neurotoxin

Continual reassessment of the scene at a suspected terrorist or weapon of mass destruction incident is MOST important because:

A. Terrorists are often at the scene after an attack

B. Weather conditions might change quickly

C. Bystanders might destroy the evidence

D. A secondary explosive device might detonate

a secondary explosive device might detonate

Cross-contamination occurs when:

A. An EMT has direct contact with a chemical agent at a terrorist incident

B. An EMT is exposed to a victim who has not yet been decontaminated

C. Two EMTs are exposed to the same agent after being decontaminated

D. An EMT provides care to a victim after the victim has been deconaminated

an EMT is exposed to a victim who has not yet been decontaminated

Early signs and symptoms of smallpox include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. High fever

B. Headaches

C. Body aches

D. Skin blister

skin blisters

Exposure to _________ would MOST likely result in immediate respiratory distress

A. Chlorine

B. Tabun

C. Soman

D. Lewisite

chlorine

If the incident command system is already established at the scene of a terrorist attack, the EMT should:

A. Begin triaging patients and start treating the most critical ones

B. Remain in the rehabilitation area until he or she is assigned a task

C. Contact the EMS medical director and obtain further instructions

D. Locate the medical staging officer to obtain his or her assignment

locate the medical staging officer to obtain his or her assignment

In determining the potential for a terrorist attack, you should routinely observe all of the following on every call, EXCEPT:

A. Victim's statements

B. The location type

C. Weather conditions

D. The type of call

weather conditions

Initial signs and symptoms associated with viral hemorrhagic fevers include:

A. Severe abdominal muscle spasms

B. Acute onset of double vision

C. Joint pain and unequal pupils

D. headache and sore throat

headache and sore throat

Most cases of anthrax begin with:

A. Pulmonary edema

B. Signs of shock

C. Flulike symptoms

D. Respiratory distress

flulike symptoms

Most terrorist attacks are:

A. Nuclear attacks

B. Impulsive

C. Covert

D. Unplanned

covert

Multiple people in a small town began experiencing abdominal cramps, excessive salivation and urination, and muscle twitching shortly after a small crop duster plane made several passes over the community. As you are assessing the patients, you further determine that most of them are bradycardic and have miosis. In addition to high-flow oxygen, the MOST appropriate treatment for these patients includes:

A. Epinephrine and hyperbaric oxygen

B. Amyl nitrate and naloxone

C. Atropine and pralidoxime chloride

D. Activated charcoal and glucose

atropine and pralidoxime chloride

Nerve agents were first discovered while in search of a superior:

A. Vaccine

B. Pesticide

C. Detergent

D. Antibiotic

pesticide

Phosgene (CG) has an odor that resembles:

A. Almonds

B. Cut grass

C. Garlic

D. Bleach

cut grass

Points of distribution (PODs) are strategically placed facilities where:

A. Weapons of mass destruction are distributed

B. Chemical weapons are manufactured and distributed

C. Antidotes, antibiotics, and vaccines are distributed

D. Chemical and biologic weapons are stockpiled

antidotes, antibiotics, and vaccines are distributed

Pulmonary hemorrhage and inner ear damage are examples of __________ blast injuries

A. Tertiary

B. Miscellaneous

C. Secondary

D. Primary

primary

Signs and symptoms of exposure to a nerve agent include:

A. Hypertension and severe pulmonary edema

B. Tachycardia, flushed skin, and unequal pupils

C. Dry moth, dilated pupils, and headache

D. Salivation, pinpoint pupils, and diarrhea

salivation, pinpoint pupils, and diarrhea

Symptoms of both inhaled and ingested ricin include:

A. Joint pain and bradycardia

B. Dehydration and convulsions

C. Fever and headache

D. Liver necrosis and diarrhea

fever and headache

Terrorist attacks:

A. Pose a threat to nations and cultures everywhere

B. Only involve the use of nuclear explosive devices

C. Require multiple terrorists working together

D. Are mainly carried out by fever than three people

pose a threat to nations and cultures everywhere

The 1996 Summer Olympics bombing is an example of:

A. An ecoterrorist attack

B. State-sponsored terrorism

C. Domestic terrorism

D. Apocalyptic violence

domestic terrorism

The chemical attacks that occured in Tokyo between 1994 and 1995 were carried out by a(n):

A. Group of domestic terrorist

B. Single-tissue terrorist group

C. Extremist political group

D. Violent religious group

violent religious group

The EMT should expect that a patient who was exposed to cyanide will have:

A. Skin that is cherry red and hot

B. A normal pulse oximetry reading

C. An abnormally slow repsiratory rate

D. An abnormally slow pulse rate

a normal pulse oximetry reading

The incubation period for Ebola can be up to:

A. 72 hours

B. 1 week

C. 21 days

D. 6 months

21 days

The least harmful form of ionizing radition is:

A. Beta

B. Alpha

C. Gamma

D. Neutron

alpha

The means by which a terrorist will spread a particular agent is called:

A. Dissemination

B. Weaponization

C. Aerosolization

D. Incubation

dissemination

The primary clinical feature associated with exposure to phosgene oxime is:

A. Skin blistering

B. Bradycardia

C. A red rash

D. Miosis

skin blistering

The primary route of exposure of vesicant agents is the:

A. Vascular system

B. Respiratory system

C. Skin

D. Nervous system

skin

The process performed to artificially maximize the target population's exposure to a biologic agent, thereby exposing the greatest number of people and achieving the desired result, is called:

A. Weaponization

B. Alkalization

C. Potentiation

D. Dissemination

weaponization

The skin lesions associated with smallpox:

A. Are identical in their development

B. Are of different shapes and sizes

C. Initially form on the lower trunk

D. Develop early during the disease

are identical in their development

The type and severity of wounds sustained from incendiary and explosive devices primarily depend on the:

A. Pressure that is generated from the explosion itself

B. Type of material used to manufacture the device

C. Patient's distance from the epicenter of the explosion

D. Size of the structure that was involved in the explosion

patient's distance from the epicenter of the explosion

To date, the preferred weapons of mass destruction for terrorists have been:

A. Chemical weapons

B. Nuclear weapons

C. Biologic weapons

D. Explosive weapons

explosive weapons

Unlike bacterial agents, viral agents:

A. Are far less infectious

B. Are usually not treatable

C. Do not replicate in the body

D. Respond to antibiotic

are usually not treatable

Unlike viruses and bacteria, neurotoxins:

A. Are not contagious

B. Cause high fever

C. Have a slow onset of symptoms

D. Cause skin blistering

are not contagious

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF), such as Ebola, cause the blood to:

A. Attack the bone marrow and destroy cells

B. Engorge the brain and cause hemorrhaging

C. Become thick and spontaneously clot

D. Seep out of the blood vessels and tissues

seep out of the blood vessels and tissues

When introduced to the body, ricin causes:

A. enlarged lymph nodes and extreme pain

B. Necrosis of muscle tissue and cell destruction

C. Intestinal obstruction and sever sepsis

D. Pulmonary edema and circulatory failure

pulmonary edema and circulatory failure

When multiple patients present with an acute onset of difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and hoarseness or stridor, you should be MOST suspicious of exposure to:

A. A vesicant agent

B. A nerve agent

C. Sarin or soman

D> Phosgene or chlorine

phosgene or chlorine

Which of the following agents blocks the body's ability to use oxygen and possesses an odor similar to almonds?

A. Organophosphates

B. Phosgene oxime

C. Hydrogen cyanide

D. Carbon monoxide

hydrogen cyanide

Which of the following chemicals is a nerve agent?

A. Chlorine

B. Lewisite

C. Phosgene

D. Soman

soman

Which of the following is not a factor in determining how to protect oneself against the effects of radiation?

A. Shielding

B. Time

C. Body size

D. Distance

body size

Which of the following statements regarding a "dirty bomb" is correct?

A. Dirty bombs could injure victims with both radioactive material and the explosive material used to deliver it

B. Dirty bombs contain significant amount of radioactive material and are capable of being delivered via a missile

C. The effectiveness of a dirty bomb is solely dependent on the amount of alpha radiation that it emits

D. The dirty bomb because of its ability to cause massive damage over a large geographic area, is an effective WMD.

Dirty bombs could injure victims with both radioactive material and the explosive material used to deliver it

Which of the following statements regarding anthrax is correct?

A. Pulmonary anthrax is the deadliest form

B. Anthrax is a deadly virus that replicates

C. There is presently no vaccine against anthrax

D. Cutaneous anthrax has a 90% mortality rate

pulmonary anthrax is the deadliest form

Which of the following statements regarding blast injuries is correct?

A. The gastrointestinal tract is the organ system most sensitive to blast injuries and is the leading cause of death following an explosion

B. Tertiary blast injuries are penetrating or nonpenetrating injuries that result form flying debris, such as ordnance projectiles

C. Solid organs such as the middle ear, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract are the most susceptible to pressure changes

D. Solid organs are relatively protected from shock wave injury but might be injured during the secondary or tertiary blast phase.

Solid organs are relatively protected from shock wave injury but might be injured during the secondary or tertiary blast phase

Which of the following statements regarding the persistency and volatility of a chemical agent is correct?

A. sarin, a powerful nerve agent, is nonvolatile and can remain on a surface for long periods

B. Sulfur mustard, a vesicant agent, is generally considered to have a low level of persistence

C. VX, a highly persistent nerve agent, can remain in the environment for weeks to months

D. Lewisiste, a vesicant agent, is nonvolatile and evaporates quickly in an optimum temperature

VX, a highly persistent nerve agent, can remain in the environment for weeks to months

Which of the following terrorist groups poses the least threat to a person's physical safety?

A. Single-issue group

B. Extremist political groups

C. Cyber terrorists

D. Doomsday cults

cyber terrorists

Which of the following would you expect to encounter in a patient with moderate radiation toxicity?

A. Nausea, dizziness, and headache

B. White blood cell death and cancer

C. Second- and third-degree burns

D. Hair loss and first-degree burns

hair loss and first-degree burns

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a fire at a large office complex. Witnesses tell you that they heard a loud explosion shortly before the building caught fire. You should:

A. carefully document the witnesses' statements and report them immediately

B. Take standard precautions and begin searching for critically injured patients

C. Tell the witnesses that you suspect that the explosion was the work of a terrorist

D. Ensure that your ambulance is parked upwind and uphill from the building

Ensure that your ambulances parked upwind and uphill from the building

You are assessing a 30-year-old female who presents with respiratory distress and tachycardia after she opened a package that was delivered to her home. The patient tells you that there was a fine white powder on the package, but she did not think it was important. This patient has most likely been exposed to:

A. Ebola

B. Botulinum

C. A neruotoxin

D. Anthrax

anthrax

You are dispatched to the scene of a building explosion. Upon arrival, you see people frantically fleeing from the building, screaming, "Everyone is passing out!" You should:

A. Notify dispatch and state that a terrorist attack has occurred.

B. Carefully assess the situation and ensure your own safety

C. Contact the FBI immediately and report the current situation

D. Assist with the evacuation and begin triaging the patients

Carefully assess the situation and ensure your own safety

You are treating a patient who experienced a significant exposure to cyanide. He is semiconscious and is breathing inadequately. The most appropriate method of providing assisted ventilation should this patient is to:

A. Use a bag-valve mask

B. Perform mouth-to-mask ventilations

C. Perform mouth-to-mouth ventilations

D. Request a paramedic unit to intubate

use a bag-valve mask